Usain Bolt

Usain Bolt Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt is arguably the fastest man in the world, winning three gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China, and becoming the first man in Olympic history to win both the 100-meter and 200-meter races in record times. Bolt won his fourth Olympic gold medal in the men's 100-meter race at the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London, beating rival Yohan Blake, who took silver. Bolt ran the race in 9. 63 seconds, a new Olympic record, making him the first man in history to set three world records in a single Olympic Games competition. The win marked Bolt's second consecutive gold medal in the 100.Bolt went on to compete in the men's 200, claiming his second consecutive gold medal in that race. He is the first man to win both the 100 and 200 at consecutive Olympic Games, as well as the first man to ever win back-to-back gold medals in double sprints. Usain Bolt was born in Jamaica on August 21, 1986. Both a standout cricket player and a sprinter ear ly on, Bolt’s natural speed was noticed by coaches at school, As early as age 14, Bolt was wowing fans of sprinting with his lightning speed, and he won his first high school championships medal in 2001, taking the silver in the 200-meter race.Bolt announced that he would run the 100-meter and 200-meter events at the Beijing Summer Olympics. In the 100-meter final, Bolt broke the world record, winning in 9. 69 seconds. Not only was the record set without a favorable wind, but he also visibly slowed down to celebrate before he finished (and his shoelace was untied), an act that aroused much controversy later on. Bolt's achievements in sprinting have earned him numerous awards, including the IAAF World Athlete of the Year (twice), Track & Field Athlete of the Year and Laureus Sportsman of the Year.

The life of Leopold and Loeb

Chicago teenagers attempted to commit the perfect crime. Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb kidnapped 14-year-old Bobby Franks, bludgeoned him to death in a rented car, and then dumped the boys body in a distant culvert. Although they thought their plan was foolproof, Leopold and Loeb made a number of mistakes that led police right to them within only a number of days. The trial, which featured the famous Chicago attorney Clarence Darrow, made headlines and was referred to as â€Å"the trial of the century.Who Were Leopold and Loeb? Nathan Leopold Nathan Leopold was an extremely brilliant young adult. He had an IQ of over 200 at the age of only 19, and had already graduated from college and was in law school. However, despite being brilliant, Leopold was very socially awkward and spent a lot of time by himself. Richard Loeb was also very intelligent, but not to the same calibre as Leopold. Loeb, who had been pushed and guided by a strict governess, had also been sent to college at a yo ung age. However, once there, Loeb did not excel; instead, he ambled and drank.Unlike Leopold, Loeb was considered very attractive and had impeccable social skills. It was at college that Leopold and Loeb became close friends. Their relationship was both stormy and intimate. Leopold was obsessed with the attractive Loeb. Loeb, on the other hand, liked having a loyal companion on his risky adventures. The two teenagers, who had become both friends and lovers, soon began committing small acts of theft, vandalism, and arson. Eventually, the two decided to plan and commit the â€Å"perfect crime. â€Å"

A Problem Of Child Abuse

A Problem Of Child Abuse Children Being Abused Unfortunately child abuse happens to be very common throughout the world. There are many different types of child abuse, and many different reasons for the ongoing abuse. â€Å"Since 1999, the majority of children confirmed to be victims of child maltreatment experienced neglect being at 62.8%, Physical abuse 16.6%, Sexual abuse 9.3%, Emotional/psychological abuse 7.1% , Medical neglect 2.0%, and Other at 14.3%† (Child Abuse and Neglect Statistics). Whether the abuse is mild or severe, it is all abuse and can affect how a person thinks and feels. Many people looks at a family and assume since the family looks kind and put-together, no abuse happens in it. This is very stereotypical. Child abuse can happen in family, whether they look like a â€Å"perfect† family or not. A perfect family is typically looked at a lot differently than a â€Å"bad† family. People associate poor, non-wealthy neighborhoods with crime and child abuse. Well unfortunately, Child abuse is all over the country and not just in poor neighborhoods and families. It is not only based on the particular race, cultural or economic group. Many families hide what is really going on and try to appear as normal as possible. Embarrassment, shame, and pity are very fearful and are commonly used.. Many mistake child abuse as only kidnapping and strangers. In reality, anyone can be a child abuser: Strangers, family, caregivers, family friends, babysitters, etc. Abusers are commonly thought of having been abused during their childhood as well. which can potentially influence them to become abusers when they have children. However there are many adult survivors that want to change and stand for what has happened to th em by using a child who is being abused by protecting them. They know what it is like to have gone through the abuse at such a young age and they sympathize with them. They are usually motivated to help them and typically go into a career path doing so, whether its teaching, therapist, doctors, etc. There is not one single age, race, or gender that associates abuse. â€Å"The victimization rate for girls was 9.7 per 1,000 girls younger than age 18, and the rate for boys was 8.7 per 1,000 boys younger than age 18.† According to the same source, â€Å"In 2010, most victims of child maltreatment were white (44.8%), followed by black (21.9%) and Hispanic (21.4%). Children of multiple races (3.5%), American Indian/Alaska Natives (1.1%), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (1.1%) accounted for a substantially smaller proportion of victims† (Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2014 National Report). This shows that child abuse is never targeted, sexist, or consistent, it is completely r andom and can happen to anyone. Child abuse is a continuing problem and is impossible to stop throughout the all of the countries. Child abuse comes in many forms; physical maltreatment, sexual molestation or mental abuse. Physical child abuse is a form of non-accidental trauma caused by the perpetrator. Some traumas include, â€Å"punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning or otherwise harming a child† (Child Physical Abuse). This type of maltreatment is the most noticeable form, unlike children being sexually abused. Sexual child abuse may not be as detectable as physical child abuse. When a child is being abused sexually, it is when the abuser touches the children in their private places . Children look up to their adult figures to be trustworthy and role models; this is why kids usually end up following through with the abuse. Another form of child abuse that isnt easily detectable to emotional child abuse. â€Å"Child emotional/psychological abuse is defined as behaviors, speech, and actions of parent s or other caregivers that have a negative mental impact on children† (Child Emotional/Psychological Abuse). You never know what is being said behind closed doors. Child abuse is not just about the broken bones, bruises, cuts, or the physical appearance that is made. Being emotionally abused and neglected is just as dangerous and harmful. It scars the children, but in an abstract way instead of a concrete way. â€Å"The U.S. has one of the worst records among industrialized nations, losing on average between four and seven children every day to child abuse and neglect†(Child Abuse, Domestic Violence Month noted). Emotional abuse is very deep and may affect a child more in the long run, maybe becoming depressed, anti-social, or losing trust in everyone.Mentally and emotionally abused children take a lot of time and help to recover, depending on the degree of abuse they’ve gone through and who that person is individually. â€Å"More than three million reports of child abuse are made in the United States that involve over six million children a year. Nearly 70% of children who die from the abuse are four year or younger. More than 90% of the juvenile sexual victims know their perpetrator in some way†(Child Abuse Statistics). Children who experience child abuse and neglect are more likely to become violent and interact with criminal activities. Child abuse happens because people often tend to believe that abuse is only physically leaving marks, scars, or â€Å"proof† of physical abuse left behind. People are less likely to intervene in more subtle child abuse cases because no physical mark is left. Often more than not, people classify abusers as bad people. Therefore â€Å"only bad people abuse their children†, but that is not always the case. Some abusers are not intentionally harming their children. Some abusers sometimes may think that what they are doing right, because that is the way they were taught, raised how to be and act properly. That is all they know about parenting, because that i what happened to them. Some may just have some mental issues, causing problems for them to be coherent, and initiating a lack of knowledge for parenting. Substance using people can be a problem of causing each form of child abuse. People are taught how to be parents, how to raise a child and how like a role model for the m. Everyone was taught, raised, and have learned differently. Learning how to take care of a child and provide for one is more tedious than learning how to do a household chore such as cleaning the dishes. Child abuse investigations, each year are reported to the Child Abuse Central Index, also known as CACl. These reports are submitted by county welfare and probation departments. The CACI was created by the Legislature in 1965. This was to protect the health and safety of children, mainly for california. Child abuse has many causes including, as a childhood symptom of mental illness in parents, as the culmination of a lifelong experience of violation towards the caregiver, of environmental and social stresses on the family, and the society’s acceptance and promotion of physical violence. In order to select which factors to study, researchers must exclude other factors. Clinicians, facing a variety of distinctive life events, personal characteristics, and unique circumstances of the families and children they serve, not always content with the explanations of the origin or child abuse found in the research literature. Child abuse and child neglect involve a variety of childhood injuries that are believed to be derived from parental acts of omission or commision. Although the prevalence of child abuse is unknown, the concern regarding the consequences of abuse is, for individual and for our society, is universal. A Problem Of Child Abuse A Problem Of Child Abuse Public schools across the Unites States do not know the challenges students face on a daily bases. Most of the conflict between teenagers and their peers are left oblivious. Everyday one point two million students at public schools go home without admitting their problems, caused by bullies, to their parents. Half of these students’ parents are later surprised to find their child deceased by the following week. Bullying is a tremendous problem that definitely needs more attention and public schools are not providing enough of it. In my own opinion, all schools should enforce bullying awareness programs to prevent from suicides, fights, and an uncomfortable environment. To start with, suicides are increasingly becoming more relevant for bullied victims. Majority of those who actually commit suicide did not pursue any help from their school faculty members. Two years ago in my own community Amber Markly took her life due to bullies. From my understanding, reports have said that she was being bullied by the same crowd of people daily. Through the last traumatizing months of her life only two faculty members took mild precautions to control the situation. The lack of awareness with Amber’s problem lead her parents to find their daughter deceased on a nuisance in her closet. Amber would not have taken her own life if greater bullying awareness was practice in schools. It would have taught the faculty and students to become more involved in situations like Ambers in preventing them from worsening. In additions, there are lots of raging fights due to bullying in schools. Fights are progressively acquiring online, through texting and even by physical contact. Having an awareness program will coach students on how to solve their problems without the need to fight. They can seek help from a teacher who can lead them into the right path of controlling a situation. The bullying awareness program can even include peer counselors. These are student counselors that are trained to help other students through their problems. Peer counseling is apart of the awareness program and can decrease the amount of fights taken place at schools substantially. Furthermore, school is becoming a place students are not comfortable with. All students should feel safe and worry free at school by their fellow peers. If schools enforced the bullying awareness program they can create a welcoming place for their students by practicing different activities. One popular activities done at my high school was mix it up day. This was an activity practiced at lunch in which students sat with people they normally would not be seated with. Doing small fun things such as that create an environment where students become comfortable. Soon it can eliminate bullies by creating a school of students that are familiar with each other in a positive manner and not by gossip spread from one person to another. As one can see, enforcing bullying awareness is a key factor to keeping a bully free school ground. Suicides will decrease as educators increase their knowledge of helping learners in need. Fights can be prevented through coaching students on how to control their actions before someone gets hurt. Practicing fun activities creates a place that makes students feel comfortable in their environment. If one school can give it a chance it could be the chain reaction of tomorrow.

Are hybrid cars better for the environment Essay

Are hybrid cars better for the environment - Essay Example Hybrids are gasoline efficient of all cars as they normally get 48 to 60 mpg (claimed). This is about 20% to 35% more beneficial than a fuel efficient gasoline provided fomites - like the Honda Civic which gets 36 mpg. This result in less pollutant discharged into the atmosphere (Philip Dunn, 2006). The second mode of hybrid cars is better to the environment because they help in reducing the levels of noise pollution. Hybrid car engines keep on blending the essential quantity of horsepower without any unnecessary roaring. When the hybrid cars are switched to the electric power mode they operate silently. This ultimately reduces noise pollution (Parashar Joshi, 2009). When everyone switches to hybrid cars it benefits the environment from reducing Global warming which is today's most crucial environmental issues. Lessening of smoke emission and chemical discharges on a large scale basis will help tackle the problems of global warming (Parashar Joshi, 2009). Actually, when the conventional cars ply on the roads the pollutants discharged by them will lead to respiratory ailments like lung cancer. But when hybrid cars are used the pollutants discharged are lesser and so our health is also protected (Lopez, 2008). In the most wide-ranging plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) research to date, which was brought out in 2007 by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the non-profit Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), results forecast that all greenhouse gases will be decreased as PHEVs start to perforate the car market.

Critically evaluate the effects of resistance training and Essay

Critically evaluate the effects of resistance training and cardiovascular training on osteoporosis - Essay Example Engelke, K., Kemmler, W., Lauber, D., Beeskow, C., Pintag, R., & Kalendar, W. A. (2006). Exercise maintains bone density at spine and hip EFOPS: a 3-year longitudinal study in early postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis international, 17 (1), 133-142. (Primary Source – From MedLine/MedScape Database) Iwamoto, J., Takeda, T., & Ichimura, S. (2001). Effect of exercise training and detraining on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Journal of orthopaedic science, 6 (2), 128-132. (Primary Source – From MedLine/MedScape Database) Layne, J. E., & Nelson, M. E. (1999). The effects of progressive resistance training on bone density: a review. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 31 (1), 25-30. (Secondary Source - From MedLine/MedScape Database). Lin, J. T., & Lane, J. M. (2008). Nonpharmacologic Management of Osteoporosis to Minimize Fracture Risk. Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology, 4 (1), 20-25. (Secondary Source - From MedLine/MedScape Database). Notomi, T., Okazaki, Y., Okimoto, N., Saitoh, S., Nakamura, T., & Suzuki, M. (2000). A comparison of resistance and aerobic training for mass, strength and turnover of bone in growing rats. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 83 (6), 469-474. (Primary Source – From MedLine/MedScape Database) Ringe, J. (2000). Osteoporosis in Men. In David Hosking and Johann Ringe (Eds.), TREATMENT OF METABOLIC BONE DISEASE: MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND DRUG THERAPY (pp. 203-218). London: Martin Dunitz Ltd. (Secondary Source – From Local British Council Library) Ravn, P. (2000). Osteoporosis: Primary Prevention. In David Hosking and Johann Ringe (Eds.), TREATMENT OF METABOLIC BONE DISEASE: MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND DRUG THERAPY (pp. 123-142). London: Martin Dunitz Ltd. (Secondary Source – From Local British Council Library) The search for suitable literature consisted of going through the journals available at the local British Council Library. None were found. The next was

What is the role of a public administrator Essay

What is the role of a public administrator - Essay Example During colonial times the public servants were only known as implementers of policies. They collected taxes, maintained law and order and public infrastructure. As times have changed governments have realized developmental face of the public administration can no longer be shredded solely into private shoulders. The economic growth and general readiness of the population comes from the active participation of public services in the developmental fields. PA's are working in diverse fields like education, transportation, postal services, agricultural awareness, public private partnerships etc. This new dimension has added additional responsibilities of treating the citizens as customers. Customers/Citizens understanding of the roles of a PA is with reference to their own standing. Citizen as a customer of service offerings would expect polite and on time delivery of the service. Analyzing from a tax - payer point of view, customers expect good infrastructure, security, educational initiatives etc, which in turn will affect their standard of living. The specific functional role of a PA may be a police personnel, magistrate, administrative officer etc. The general awareness all these roles require is that, customers assess them from their viewpoint, which means, meeting their expectations is the bare minimum to pass the test of common good. Due to the changes in the world economy PA's are faced with competitive situa

Ophthalmic Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ophthalmic Care - Essay Example This is to distinguish the normal elevation of intraocular pressure seen in otherwise normal individuals. Measurement of intraocular pressure is thus one of the first completely new skills that a new ophthalmic nurse practitioner must master. Therefore, knowledge about it is important. Measurement of the intraocular pressure in a large number of normal subjects reveals a normal distribution extending from pressures of 10-12 mmHg to 25-28mmHg (Rossetti et al., 2008, 1053). The pattern of distribution fits a Gaussian curve, so that the majority of subjects have a pressure of about 16mmHg. For clinical purposes, it is necessary to set an arbitrary upper limit of normal. By and large, the eye can stand low pressures remarkably well, but when the pressure is abnormally high, the circulation of blood through the eye becomes jeopardised and serious damage can ensue. For clinical purposes, an upper level of 21 mmHg is often accepted. Above this level, suspicions are raised and further invest igations undertaken. Thus measurement of IOP is a significant initial clinical diagnostic step that determines further course of action in such patients (Collaer, Zeyen, and Caprioli, 2005, 196-200). Many nurses need to practice the skill of this measurement since accuracy is a very important parameter leading to the further steps in the ophthalmic care pathway. Rationale Now, the question is, why I have chosen measurement of intraocular pressure to demonstrate my skill as a new specialist nurse. Glaucoma is second only to cataract as a leading cause of global blindness and is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss, largely due to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In 2002, it was estimated that 161 million individuals worldwide had visual impairment and 37 million were blind. Glaucoma accounted for 12.3% of global blindness, Bilateral blindness from glaucoma is projected to affect 8.4 million individuals worldwide by 2010 and greater than 11 million by 2020. Globally, glaucoma is a significant cause of vision loss that disproportionately affects women and Asians (Cedrone et al., 2008, 3-14). While increased IOP is a strong risk factor for the development of glaucoma, it must be remembered that many people with glaucoma have untreated IOPs of 21 mm Hg or less. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important known risk factor for the development of POAG, and its reduction remains the only clearly proven treatment. Several studies have confirmed that reduction of IOP at any point along the spectrum of disease severity reduces progression (Bowling, Chen, and Salmon, 2005, 1102-1104). The Collaborative Normal Tension Glaucoma Study has revealed that IOP reduction reduces the development of POAG in patients with ocular hypertension and reduces progression in patients with glaucoma despite normal IOP (Anderson, and Normal Tension Glaucoma Study, 2003, 86-90). In the UK, as mentioned by Kroese et al. (2002), glaucoma is, indeed, the second most common cause of blindness as estimated from blindness certification. This accounts for 11.7% of all certifications. In the age group of

Case - Mohammed Vs. E&Z Electronics Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

- Mohammed Vs. E&Z Electronics - Case Study Example Argument Firstly, as Mohammed purchased a washing machine from E&Z Electronics, this means that the parties had a contract of sale between them. In a contract of sale, there are some conditions and warranties that may be express or implied. Express conditions and warranties are expressly and mutually agreed upon by the parties to the contract. Implied conditions and warranties are not expressly agreed upon by the parties but are applicable and have to be complied with because of operation of law or usage in business. It is worth noting that E&Z Electronics is a major distributor and reseller of L&G electronic products in Dubai. Therefore, it is very safe to assume that as the seller, E&Z Electronics was acting in the course of the business. S 14(2) of Sale of Goods Act, 1979 provides that, â€Å"Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are of merchantable quality...† Also, the defect in t he machine was not drawn to the attention to the attention of the buyer nor the buyer could have unveiled the defect through his examination of the machine. Therefore, there is a breach of condition by E&Z Electronics which gives the plaintiff a right to repudiate the contract. ... The defect in the washing machine was as latent to the plaintiff as the snail in the ginger beer bottle in Donoghue v Stevenson. Conclusion The plaintiff must be awarded damages for the injury and loss that he has suffered because of the negligence of E&Z Electronics and the manufacturer. Also, he must be given the right to treat the contract with E&Z Electronics as rescinded and receive his money back which was paid as the purchase price of the washing machine. 2 IN THE HIGH COURT FOR THE STATE OF LOUISIANA Case No. XXXX Mohammed, Petitioner, vs. E&Z Electronics and XXX (The Manufacturer) Respondents. Issue The issue is whether Mohammed is entitled to a compensation for his injuries and loss from E&Z Electronics and the manufacturer of the faulty washing machine and to a right to repudiate the contract. Facts The plaintiff, Mohammed, purchased a washing machine from one of the defendants, E&Z Electronics. The washing machine had a defective electrical switch due to which it malfunct ioned and resulted in significant bodily injuries and property damages to Mohammed. Reasoning There was a contract of sale between E&Z Electronics and there has been a breach of implied condition of merchantability because E&Z Electronics was acting in the course of business and it is reasonably expected of E&Z Electronics to know about such defects in the machinery that they deal with. It is a condition because it goes to the very root of the contract and its breach defeats the whole purpose of the contract. It would have been a warranty if it was just a term collateral to the contract. In this case, the washing machine had to be safely usable. Otherwise, there is no purpose of buying the washing machine. E&Z Electronics is also responsible for

Individual case Study analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual analysis - Case Study Example However, within the combination of various factors that influence development, the government of Ireland embraces peace and socio-cultural integration so that the country is able to recognize business partners as part of their economic development stakeholders hence handling business partners with the diligent they require. Cut in government spending is also a factor which boosted performance of the economy of Ireland. Tax reduction was meant to reduce cost of investment and attract foreign investors in the country. That is why Microsoft was attracted to invest in information technology business in Ireland which generated a lot to economic activities and contributed positively towards the gross domestic product. Economic systems With control over the inflation, the country is able to gain from Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increasing the number of business transaction between traders and intergovernmental organization to the benefit of the country. However, with peaceful transition in government, the economic state of the country has withstood the tough global economic challenges that face many countries in the global market resulting into heavy losses in business and trade as a whole (Gordon Bigelow, 2003, p. 45). The overall ability of a country to attract foreign investment also depends on membership of an economic trading block. In case of Ireland membership of European economic commission not only provided market to the country but also enabled it to diversify its export products. Initially Ireland depended on the markets of the united kingdom alone which relied mostly on agricultural products only. Through membership of the economic block Ireland was able to open up to competition for its products as well (Philip, 2000, p. 17). In accordance with the PESTEL system, it is important to highlight the role played by the legal issues to ensure that all trade processes are carried out in accordance with the Irish business laws so as to reduce suspicion on unw arranted business deals that are likely to jeopardize the economic state of the country. With the aid of available technology, Ireland was able to engage other countries into trade agreement within the global business laws so as to restrict illegal business while increasing legalized trade between countries and Ireland (Thomas A. Boylan, 2003, p. 64). Further, due to the attractiveness of the country integrated with PESTEL, Ireland was able to provide control, and benefit for foreign companies which overcame the cost and risks they uncured leading to high foreign direct investment. The tremendous economic growth is as a result of government commitment in the pledge to sustain and trusted regulations that would stabilize the political and socio-economic development to eradicate global recession for instance the 2008 recession that was felt by all the global financial controllers (Philip, 2000, p. 104). Many countries prefers trade with Ireland from the 2008 experience where Ireland s tood out as the only country that was not shaken by the 2008 economic recession, this greatly influenced the country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product), this would lead to long term economic performance in the country (Philip, 2000, p. 89). In the initial stage, the independence

Pre-Attack Techniques Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pre-Attack Techniques - Coursework Example Unnecessary software and daemons should be deactivated and disabled given that they are most vulnerable for attack. Constant patching to system application and software should be done in order to eliminate the gaps and security holes that exist. Installation of new updates and new versions of existing application will ensure heighten and improved security. Constant updates ensure that al the patches are fixed thus eliminating system vulnerabilities (Scambray, 2009). Both hardware and software application forms of firewall such Symantec-Axents Firewall/VPN 100 Appliance and Zone Alarm can be installed in an organization’s system and network. Firewall installation discriminate against access request from unknown and unauthorized sources that may be of potential threat to computer systems and network. Network security assessment is done in order to see and expose the vulnerability that exists within a network and a system. Port scanning an organizations network will reveal the exposed services. Running a vulnerability scanner against an organization’s servers ensures that all the vulnerabilities are exposed and necessary actions taken to eliminate them in order to secure servers. Most of these pre-attack techniques and method for preventing hack attack against an organization are controllable from an organizations perspective. It is up to an organization to put up measures and install the necessary application in order to ensure the security of its systems and information including the network.

CMOS memory Essay Example for Free

CMOS memory Essay 1. Search the internet for information on â€Å"CMOS memory† and answer the following questions: How has CMOS memory changed over the years? Has the size of the CMOS memory increased, decreased, or stayed the same? CMOS memory was originally used in the early days to store semi-permanent data stored in chips. The speeds have increased and the noise has been reduced it also went from analog to digital. With technological advancement over the years, it now uses flash memory, which is a form of EEPROM instead of chips. The size of the CMOS memory changes on how it is set. It either can be added or reduced from the computer. However, these changes cause the computer to report a memory size mismatch. The size of the CMOS memory has also pretty much stayed the same because there is no need to increase the size. There was never any need to store more than 512 bytes in the memory as it holds the absolute basic boot settings for the system. The typical size is still 512 bytes currently. 2. Determine if the CMOS still utilizes RAM, requiring a battery on the motherboard, or has evolved into using EEPROM. There are still CMOS that use a battery on the mother board but EEPROM is more popular today. CMOS has since evolved from using a RAM to using EEPROM. Its a long name for a small chip that holds bits of data code that can be rewritten and erased by an electrical charge, one byte at a time. Its data cannot be selectively rewritten; the entire chip must be erased and rewritten to update its contents.

Drug Testing Welfare Recipients -- Article Analysis Essay Example for Free

Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Article Analysis Essay Jonathon Walters author of â€Å"Should Welfare Recipients be Drug Tested?† published an article on March 13, 2012 for Governing: The State and Localities that provided readers with several points of interest when discussing drug testing welfare recipients. Walters states in his article â€Å"According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, almost two dozen states are considering bills that require drug testing those either applying for or receiving public benefits, a policy that has been cut down in the courts before because the Fourth Amendment grants that every individual be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. (Should Welfare Recipients be Drug Tested? para 1.) This paragraph explains that states are having difficulty passing this bill because the government feels that it violates American’s 4th amendment. Walters brings up arguments from both a favoring side and an opposing side. Favoring sides would not want to give someone government benefits if they are using the benefits to support a drug habit and could save the government money by denying applicants. The opposing side feels that drug testing would come to a great expense to the government and rather than drug testing an individual who needs help because of their drug addiction other programs such as rehab would save money to local, state and federal governments. The author feels that both are good arguments. To further continue on the opposing side of drug testing welfare recipients; Walters explains that â€Å"Drug testing is expensive. Tests cost anywhere from $35 to $75 to administer, according to the liberal-leaning Center for Law and Public Policy. By their math, it would cost anywhere from $20,000 to $77,000 to catch one drug abuser.† (Should Welfare Recipients be Drug Tested? para. 4). On the favoring side legislators have a different calculation and use evidence that biometric screenings such as finger printing lower numbers of participation among welfare recipients. States that do not participate in finger printing have more people applying for welfare. Walters feels that this would be a â€Å"cynical† way of lowering costs. Opposing sides also feel by isolating those who are at risk, for example ex-felons may lead them down a wrong path again because applying for welfare is much harder, therefore, costing the government more money by putting them back in jail and providing them with treatment. Walters asks how will the government determine who receives welfare and how do we make sure that the wrong person doesn’t receive it? Technology will help determine that mistakes won’t be made. â€Å"The public, in general, supports providing help to those who really need it. In that regard, states and localities are developing much more precise tools mostly thanks to improved information technology to ensure that only those who qualify for benefits receive them (and, not incidentally, to ensure that those providing services arent gaming the system).† (Should Welfare Recipients be Drug Tested? para. 8). Overall, Jonathon Walters remains neutral throughout the article and provides detailed rebuttals for both opposing and favoring sides. He agreed that both sides had good arguments and in the end it would be up to America in the long run to decide what is best for its people. References Walterss, J. (2012, March 13) Should Welfare Recipients Be Drug Tested? Governing: The States and Localities. Retrieved from: http://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/testing-welfare-recipients-drugs.html

Post Bureaucracy And Decentralisation In Intensive Competition Management Essay

Post Bureaucracy And Decentralisation In Intensive Competition Management Essay Organisational structure is critical to a companys effectiveness of performance, and organisational structure varies according to companies unique contexts. Since 1980s, a growing literature has argued that the age of bureaucracy has ended or is ending, and there is a fundamental move beyond bureaucracy (Heckscher, 1998, p.2). We are moving from bureaucracy to post-bureaucracy. Generally speaking, post-bureaucracy includes subcontracting, decentralisation, flexible organisational boundaries, the boundaryless corporation and networking (Ackroyd, 1991). Since decentralisation is a very important part of post-bureaucracy, I will explain it separately. There are many factors that drive organisational structure from bureaucracy to post-bureaucracy, such as fast technological change, intensive competition, rapidly changing product markets and customer demands, and the requirement of flexibility. Cost reduction is also an important factor to trigger this trend. However, this trend also generates some concerns and criticism. For subcontracting, there may be insufficient supply of suitable workers; inconsistency of workflow may lead to inflexible which is against the flexible feature of post-bureaucracy; it will also enlarge the pay difference between core workers and periphery workers; there may be also lower level of products or services provided; and it can resul t in inefficiency of teamwork. Temporary workers tend to move between companies according to the pay and benefit levels. Because of this high flow of workforce, companies may resist to train employees. It will also be more difficult for unions and government to regulate such decentralised forms. In this paper, I will first talk about the definition of post-bureaucracy and decentralisation; then I will explain the reasons why companies are fascinated about post-bureaucracy and decentralisation; and finally, I will discuss and evaluate concerns and criticism of such trend and their validity. Main Body What is Post-Bureaucracy and Decentralisation? Generally speaking, post-bureaucratic organisational structure is about moving away from bureaucratic organisational structure and it is about decentralisation, corporation and networking. Post-bureaucracy blurs the boundaries between companies and countries, and post-bureaucracy encourage interorganisational relationships which include strategic alliance, joint venture, outsourcing/ subcontracting, unilateral agreement and network organisation (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004, p. 557-560). Post-bureaucratic organisational structure stresses spontaneity, empowerment, participation, decentralisation, flexibility, downsized and delayered, and team work between the organisation and its environment (Ackroyd, 2002; Maravelias, 2003). The autonomy existing in post-bureaucratic structure is much more than it is in bureaucratic structure. According to Heckscher and Donnellon (1994), in order to successfully build post-bureaucratic structure, there must be some trust because through this structu re, there will be many knowledge and information sharing, interaction and corporation. Unlike bureaucratic model which is about directing participants, post-bureaucratic structure requires persuading participants (Heckscher and Donnellon, 1994). One of the most obvious features of post-bureaucracy is subcontracting which means using agent temporary workers to complete specific tasks that used to be conducted by companies direct workers (Rees and Fielder, 1992). Post-bureaucracy means decentralised on many aspects of organisation; however, it does not mean that there is no domination at all (Josserand et al, 2006). No matter how decentralised an organisation is, it still requires some degree of control and hierarchies to make sure the company is on the right direction. Decentralisation means that companies give the power of decision-making to lower levels of groups (Schermerhorn et al, 1994). The lower levels of groups do not necessarily mean management groups; it can be any sub-units within the company. With the delegation, such groups can enjoy a degree of autonomy or independence (Mullins, 2005, p.1053). Decentralisation usually associated with fewer hierarchies, wider span of control and free flow of ideas (Mullins, 2005). Mullins also mentioned that there are many advantages of decentralisation, such as increased employees motivation, quick responsiveness to local changes and improved support services. Why are Post-Bureaucracy and Decentralisation fascinated? Companies are fascinated and apply more about post-bureaucracy and decentralisation because they have many advantages which contribute to the effectiveness of companies performance. There are many factors encourage companies to move from bureaucracy to post-bureaucracy. First, the fast change of technology requires companies to corporate and works together (Mayle, 2006). This is especially important for high-technology, innovation industries and telecommunication companies because technological change is more obvious in those industries. No matter how many highly skilled expertises a company has, there are always some technologies it cannot develop by itself or get access to. However, through corporation and networking, companies can share the latest information and technology-based knowledge. The wide variety of information allows people to conduct their jobs more effectively (Guetzkow, 1965). This is similar with DeGeuss idea of organizational learning which means organizations learn from each other and improve during the process of corporation (see Schneier, 1994). DeGeus argued that through organizational learning, it helps companies to better adopt and facilitate to dynamic change and then make improvement. Corporation and networking can also h elp companies to gain competitive advantages (Porter, 1996). This is true because each company has its own technological strength. If companies can share their own strength with others, there will be mutual benefits. If companies cannot follow the new technological change, they may either produce with higher cost or have lower productivity. Second, global and intensive competition requires companies to move towards post-bureaucracy, such as subcontracting and outsourcing. Because of the intensive competition, companies need to reduce production costs or improve productivity in order to stay in business and gain competitive advantages. The main reason that companies are using agencies is the requirement of reducing labour cost (Ward et al, 2001). There are a wide variety of outsourcing, such as technology services outsourcing (software, telecommunications et al) and business process outsourcing (accounting, logistics et al) (Offshoring Times, 2009). Companies can also outsource HR functions to reduce labour cost. For example, BP Amoco outsourced its human resource function to a US-based company-Exult; and Exult helped BP with almost all HR functions, such as training, employee relations and recruitment; and for the first year of their contracting, BP successfully cut its cost from US$350 million to $250 million (Pickard, 2000). The third reason is the rapidly changing product market and customer demands force companies to corporate with each other. Because of the rapid changing environment, companies need to adjust their production quickly and effectively. For example, Apple shares some internal information with its partners, such as software developers, sub-system supplies and dealers, and they work together to help Apple predict sales and adjust its production according to the prediction (Bahrami, 1992). Because of globalisation, business can be operated all over the world instead of limiting within a single country or a local area. It is costly and hard to start a new business in another area because regulation may be not the same as it is in home country, and customer preference may be different as well. However, if companies can adopt the strategy of joint venture, boundaries will not be a problem. Companies can also make good use of each others resources. For example, there was a joint venture between West European companies and companies in the ex-Soviet block. One party provided investment and experts, and the other provided labour and entry to the markets (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004, p558). In this way, they shared their production factors as well as getting access to markets. For network and partnerships, such as strategic alliance, there are many advantages, such as more access to resources and diversity of perspectives (Sturtevant and Lange, 1996). Strategic alliance can help companies to share resources and work efficiently. For example, in 1991, IBM, Apple and Motorola conducted a project (PowerPC) together; during the project, IBM provided their RISC microprocessor technology to Motorola; and then Motorola produced high-speed PowerPC chips for both Apple and IBM (Bertrand, 1992 as cited in Sengupta et al, 1998, p27). Greater flexibility, risks-sharing and options-generating can be achieved through partnerships (Evans, 1982). Partnerships can also help companies to respond quickly to unexpected change and adjust to it more efficiently (Hart, 1937). Some argued that companies use subcontracting and outsourcing in order to weaken trade unions bargaining power (as cited in Wallis, 2000, p730). Trade unions generally focus their attention on a unionised direct workforce. Therefore, companies can take advantage of this feature and undermine trade unions bargaining power. According to Prowse and Turner (1996), during the 1984-5 strike on coal industry, NCB introduced subcontracting on some coal-site tasks in order to fragment workforce and undermine organised labour force power in coal industry. Through subcontracting and outsourcing, pressure from hard, dangerous or boring tasks can be decreased. For some highly repeated low-skilled tasks, such as switching buttons, the turnover rate is high; because this kind of tasks requires almost no knowledge about the company, so it is a good idea to use agency workers to reduce employees pressure. This is also the case for some dangerous and unhealthy jobs. For example, for some strong-noisy jobs, no matter how good the protection device is, it is still bad for workers hearing if it lasts for a long time. It is humanity to use different people for short times. This is even the case in hospitals. In the accident and emergency department, staffs pressure is high because working in this department requires speed, efficiency and it often associated with some bloody occasion (Purcell et al, 2004). If hospitals can outsource some jobs to professional agencies, jobs can be completed as well as reducing employees pressure. There are other reasons that attract companies to use subcontracting and outsourcing. Subcontracting give employers chances to get access to specialist skills unavailable within the company (Holmes, 1986). For example, according to RJB Mining representatives, through subcontractors, they can get workers with specialist skills to undertake discontinuous tasks (Wallis et al, 2000, p.729). For hi-tech industries, it is sometimes hard to find highly-skilled workers within local areas. For example, ICTUK, a company which provided computer service to client companies, found that it was hard to find employees with skills they needed; so, ICTUK used Indian agency that provided required employees from India to UK (Purcell et al, 2004, p712). Because tasks are different at different time, if the company keeps all skilled workers as direct workers, it will be costly. By using subcontractors, company can get needed workers as well as saving money. Another reason companies prefer to subcontractor s is that it will be cheaper through outsourcing. Since they are temporary workers, the rate of pay is usually lower than direct workers; and companies do not need to provide some benefits to workers from contracting companies, such as holiday pay (Rees and Fielder, 1992). By using subcontracting, companies can also avoid investment in the latest machines and tools, which can save companies lot money (Lorenz, 1998). In addition to that, workers from contracting companies can conduct tasks more quickly than companies direct workers because they tend to focus on specific areas and require little or no training on needed skills (Wallis et al, 2000). It is also believed that using subcontracting can help companies to avoid morale problems on laying off regular employees (Kalleberg, 2003). Problems and Concerns about Decentralisation and Post-Bureaucracy Although there are many advantages of post-bureaucracy and decentralisation, there are still concerns and problems; they are inefficiency of the supply of skilled workers, hard for contractors to recruit and keep employees, imbalanced treatment between core workers and periphery workers, less control of temporary workers and their work, hard for government and unions to regulate, not good for teamwork within companies, and training programs constraint. Criticism of post-bureaucracy happened mostly in subcontracting. For subcontracting, concerns and problems mainly come from three aspects-the supply of labour (contractors), the demand of labour (client companies) and the government and unions. It is argued that the contractor sometimes experience insufficient supply of skilled/suitable labour which can cause problems (MacKenzie, 2000). Mackenzie mentioned that the insufficient supply of skilled/suitable labour cause problems to both contractors and client companies. For contractors, if they do not have the skilled workers to satisfy other companies need, they will have bad reputation, and their business will endanger and encounter close down. For companies which want to use agencies, if they cannot find the suitable workers they want, and hard to recruit direct workers, they will either complete these tasks with bad quality or not complete these tasks at all. The other problem faced by contractors is that it is hard for them to retain employees from different levels. Temporary workers are quite fluid, and sometimes contractors are not able to provide people required by client companies; people who work as temporary workers tend to move to contractors who provide the best p ay rates (MacKenzie, 2000, p.715). It is not possible for contractors to offer the highest pay rate all the time, so it is difficult for them to keep skilled workers at different times. This is especially true when the product market is competitive. Purcell argued that within competitive market, specialist skilled workers are usually in high demand; and they often chose to work for contractors who offer the highest bidder or achieve employment flexibility that fits in with their preferences rather than the employers (Purcell, et al, 2004, p.713). Because of the feature of highly fluid labour force, contractors tend to restraint and avoid training programs (MacKenzie, 2000, p.718). Through BTs case, he argued that BTs loss of qualified workers discourage BT to train its employees because BT was afraid that workers might leave the company after training. BTs reaction is reasonable. Just imagine, if BT keeps training all its employees with whatever the latest market requires, BT will o f course get qualified skilled workers. But, because workers tend to move towards best pay and benefits provision, finally, BT may end up with loss of qualified workers, and at the same time, it may increase its competitors competitive advantage because competitors get the qualified workers that BT have trained. It is believed that the client companies also take risks during subcontracting. The most obvious one is that they cannot always get the employees they want. If companies rely on subcontractors as traditions, once there is insufficient supply of skilled workers, companies may feel hard to recruit qualified workers (MacKenzie, 2000, p.716). For employees who get the required skills do not mean that they will complete the tasks correctly and effectively. Therefore, even if companies get skilled workers, there is also the possibility that they may interrupt the workflow or project (Roque, 2009). Based on Roques own experience, subcontract workers sometimes make decisions without asking client companies which may cause problems because they do not know the companies very well; subcontractors may also miss their deadlines or break their contracts. If the outsourced tasks are part of the whole project, ineffectively completing of those tasks can affect the project as a whole. Whats more, if managers in client companies do not know how to effectively use subcontract workers, there will be also risks of completing tasks ineffectively (Lyytinen and Ropponen, 2000). It is also complained that using temporary workers can lead to less effective teamwork (Purcell et al, 2004, p.715). They argued that since temporary workers are from outside of the company, they know little about the companys culture and doing things differently from direct workers. Because there is no direct control or less control from client companies, the quality of products and services provided by subcontract workers is not guaranteed. During research conducted in hospitals, Purcell et al found that temporary agency staff can cause problems on quality control and continuity of patient care which add more pressure on regular staff in hospitals (2004, p. 718). If a company does not have any experience on decentralisation, decentralisation may not be helpful. For example, after applying decentralisation, t here will be small groups of workers; and those small groups may feel aimless or they may work towards wrong directions (Bahrami, 1992, p. 37). For government and unions, it is hard to regulate and intervene. According to Lorenz (1998), the agreements between contractors and client companies are never in written form except for the order form. Lorenz also argued that because of these incomplete contracts, they cannot use courts to resolve disputes; they can only solve disputes, misunderstandings and ambiguities through discussion until they agree with each other. Then, it will be harder for government to intervene in disputes happened between those two parties. The triangular relationships in employment are especially hard to handle (Deakin, 2001). Governments are trying to regulate subcontracts, and there is extra subcontract administration cost added to governments ordinary costs (Howell, n.d.). In addition, it is argued that through decentralization, some macroeconomic policies are harder to implement and finally decrease stability (Prudhomme, 1994). For unions, it is easier for them to organise stable direct workers; and the emergence of temporary work agencies give unions new challenges to organise and regulate this kind of labour force because most of those temporary worker are not stable, and they move between companies, even between industries (Heery, 2004). In addition to that, many skilled workers have left unions and become self-employed open shop workers or employees of specialty subcontractors (as cited in Perng et al, 2005, p.1). In this way, union membership will decline, and unions bargaining powers will be weakened. It is possible that decentralisation costs companies more. Because of the centralised structure, companies can allocate and distribute resources more centralised and effectively. According to Lyons and Bailey (1993), through decentralisation, cost advantages, such as economies of scale, may be diminished. One advantage of subcontracting is that it can foster work flexibility. However, this is not always the case. Based on MacKenzies study about telecommunication industry, because workloads were different at different times, number of temporary workers required was different as well (2000). Using subcontractors supposed to be flexible, but contractors were not satisfied by the inconsistency of workflows. Therefore, in order to achieve agreements, client companies tried to make forecasts about workloads and tried to stay with that. According to Atkinson and Meager (as cited in MacKenzie, 2000), the effort of trying to manipulate workloads was contravene the flexible feature of contracting. It is argued that pay and benefits for core workers within companies and periphery workers in contractor firms are not equal. According to Atkinson and Gregory (as cited in Wallis et al, 2000), Workers who stay in the company permanently are core workers, and they enjoy great pay and benefit packages, and they usually do not need to worry about unemployment; however, for the periphery workers (subcontracting workers, temporary workers, part-time workers and self-employed workers), their jobs are insecure. It is also argued that the pay rate on the same kind of job is different for core workers and periphery workers (Mangum et al, 1985; Kalleberg, 2003). It is unfair treatment. According to Callaghan and Hartmann, because of subcontracting, there is a two-tiered system of employment, which means that core workers have good pay, benefits, opportunities for training and job security; while peripheral workers have lower wages, no benefits, worked in low-skilled jobs with few training opp ortunities, and face significant job instability and insecurity (see Smith, 1997, p. 328). However, temporary workers are not always in worse conditions compare with core workers. Purcell et al (2004) stated that for some professional agencies, such as nurses, the hourly pay rate for temporary nurses was even higher than the NHS-employed average nurses. No matter whose pay rate is higher, generally speaking, there are imbalanced treatment on pay and benefits between core workers and peripheral workers. Conclusion Post-bureaucracy encourages subcontracting, decentralisation, corporation and network. Companies with post-bureaucratic structure usually have loose management style, wider span of control and fewer hierarchies. Therefore, there will be greater autonomy within company which motivate employees to take responsibilities and contribute more to the company. Decentralisation is part of post-bureaucracy, and it is about giving more power to lower levels of work units. Small units can thus respond quickly to instant changes. Post-bureaucracy and decentralisation attract organisations because of both outside and inside incentives. It is generally about either reducing production costs, improving productivity or get resources, knowledge, information and technologies that are not available within one company. Through subcontracting, companies can get different levels of skilled employees that are not available within companies. In this way, companies can adjust number of workers used according to market change and periodical workload. Companies can also avoid bad reputation of dismissing employees all the time. Through subcontracting, labour cost can also be decreased because temporary workers pay rate tends to be lower than direct workers. Contract workers usually complete tasks quickly because they are focus on specific areas and require little or no training. Through network and partnership, companies can get wider range of resources and information. Companies can also contribute its own strength to the same project in order to get the best result. Through partnership, companies can share risks on unknown or new areas and get a wide range of perspectives from experts. By learning from each other, companies can always follow the fast changing technology, product market and customer demand. Although there are so many fantastic advantages that attract organisations to move to post-bureaucracy, there are also concerns and problem associated with it, and most of the problems focus on subcontracting. The insufficient supply of skilled/suitable workers from contractors is a big problem for both contractors and client companies. Because of the insufficient supply, contractors may lose clients and get bad reputation; while for client companies, without these required workers, tasks cannot be completed. This insufficient supply mainly due to that temporary workers tend to move towards best pay and benefit provision. This phenomenon may also lead to companies restrain training programs. Through subcontracting, there is a danger that products/services may be provided in poor quality because of the limited control by client companies. In addition, many people complained about the imbalanced treatment between core workers and periphery workers. Generally speaking, on the aspects of pay rate, benefit package, training provision and job security, periphery workers are in worse condition compared with situation for core workers. Whats more, segmentation of workforce is also hard for government and unions to organise and regulate. According to the concerns and problems mentioned above, post-bureaucracy still has a long way to improve. Solutions can be provided based on the problems. Government and unions can make special rules for those labour; companies can keep several contractors instead of one in order to get needed workers all the time; client companies and contractors can try to balance core workers and temporary workers pay and benefit package together; and client companies can assign certain people from own companies to supervise subcontracting workers work, and make sure they are in good quality.

The Last Night Of Ballyhoo - Production Critique Essay -- essays resea

This paper is a critique of a production of The Last Night of Ballyhoo, a play written by Alfred Uhry, which was performed and produced by the Ball State University Theatre. Gilbert L. Bloom directed the production and was very successful with producing a truly entertaining, comedic play with an important message about the personal dilemmas that we as individuals with different beliefs and values must encounter in our daily lives. All elements of the production were wonderfully implemented making The Last Night of Ballyhoo quite a success. The performers were perfect for the roles in which they were cast. For example, Lala’s (Erin Rae Lengkeek) character is supposed to be a romantic dreamer and very childlike. The actress who portrayed Lala did an excellent job even her voice and attitude were quite appropriate for the role. Likewise, the actress who played Sunny (Jennie L. Keller) also did a fabulous job of portraying her character. Sunny’s character had a more mature attitude and therefore presented herself in a more adult manner then her cousin Lala. Her physical features also differed from Lala’s; Sunny was tall, broad and had an assertive voice. Lala on the other hand was shorter, looked to have had a bit of baby fat left on her frame and had a childish voice. The other characters also were well cast for their roles, for example Peachy (Matthew Hickman) was described to the audience a s having bright red hair and was portrayed though his telephone conversation with Lala as having a joking, wisecracking attitude. And sure enough when Peachy made his first appearance all these characteristics could be seen. Lala, Sunny and Peachy are just a few of the characters that were cast in the play. Be assured, however, that all the others were also suitably cast for their roles in the production. Thus, making the character selection only one of the key elements in the production’s success. When it came to the dialogue of the production and the understanding of it the performers again did an excellent job. Their gestures and vocal elements all aided in the production’s success and were all fittingly used by the characters. For example, when Lala was talking on the phone with Peachy she casually twirled the phone cord in her hand, leaned against the banister and childishly flirted with Peachy. When it came to sound quality all characters projected their voices... ... down the stairs, wearing her green Scarlet O’Hara dress and the theme from Gone with the Wind was playing the lighting on the set made it look as if she was in a dream like state. The lighting was also very effectively used to show the coming and going of cars on the set. The reflection of lights on the front door of the house were used resemble those of an automobile. Even the final scene had just enough absence of light that the shadows of the characters could be seen sitting around the dinner table and praying by candlelight. At the very end of the performance the candles were extinguished consuming the set in blackness in turn signifying the end of the production. My mother went and viewed the performance of The Last Night of Ballyhoo the night before I did. She acquainted me with the meaning of Ballyhoo and the plot of the play. She stated that the play was well done and I would enjoy it. I don’t believe I have seen I better play this year. It was wonderfully put together and very funny and I’m not just saying that because the director is my theatre instructor. I wish I hadn’t seen the play on the last night of the performance, because I would have loved to see it again.

Buddhism Speech -- essays research papers

Today I am giving an informative speech on Buddhism. Now, "informative" is the key word here. I just want to reasure everyone that I am simply going to explain some of the philosophy of Buddhism. I am not, however, trying to sway your beliefs or views on life in ANY way. Instead, I'm going to share with you some of the basic things that I know, and however you choose to use the information, if at all, is totally up to you. In fact, one of the strongest beliefs of a Buddhist, is that their "way of life" is NEVER forced on anyone. To shove it down someones throught would contradict almost everything the Buddha had to say. To start, I wanna clear up some simple, misinterpretations that some of you may or may not have made, probobly due to the lack of information. First of all, Buddhists do not worship the Buddha, and the Buddha was not a God. He was just a teacher and an inspiration to his followers. He was someone who had obtained "enlightenment", or been awakened to the way that all things are. Kinda like a "meaning of life" sort of deal. Which is much more complex than many would expect. At first when Buddha discovered this, after meditating for several days, he believed it was pointless to try and teach someone what he has obtained, that his thoughts couldnt be explained through the means of words. but he was soon convinced when he came across a wondering holy man told him that "some people just have a little dust in their eyes,...

Essay --

Hopelessness is an intense emotion every person feels at one point in their life, a feeling closely interlinked with depression and suicide. In the poems â€Å"It was not Death, for I stood up,† and â€Å"I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,† by Emily Dickinson and â€Å"No worst, there is none. Pitched past pitch of grief,† by Gerard Manley Hopkins, the theme of the poems is hopelessness, but the authors approach the theme differently in each poem. In the poem, â€Å"It was not Death, for I stood up,† Dickinson uses words to describe the sense of hopelessness she feels as she tries to pinpoint the source of her anguish. In the first two stanzas, she uses specific sensory details to convey her chaotic feelings to tell the reader what her condition cannot be. A repetition of â€Å"it was not† (1) is then followed by a reason of why she eliminated the possibility, using the senses of sound or touch. She merges together the conditions she had eradicated and through her chaotic state, her thoughts turn toward funerals. This causes her to think about her death and her current state of mind. She feels her â€Å"life were shaven† (13), so that the only emotions left were despair and terror with the feeling of hope lost. She also â€Å"could not breathe without a key† (15); terror does not directly affect a person’s breathing, but it sometimes causes a person to feel as if he were suffocating, unable t o breathe. Her â€Å"key† that she needs is to understand what she is feeling, but she cannot figure it out (15). The last stanza in the poem expresses an overwhelming feeling of bleakness, there is no opportunity for rescue, â€Å"like Chaos— Stopless— †¦ / Without a Chance†¦ / Or even a Report of Land—† (21-23). In the last line, there is a paradox, that since there was no possibility of hop... ...er already confused and chaotic mind, her thought process leads her to thinking about death and hopelessness of being healed. Hopkins’s poem starts out differently, with him thinking that there was nothing that could be worse than what he was going through, but in the process of searching for relief, he discovers there is no relief with death. His poem comes to the same conclusion as Dickinson’s, the hopelessness of having no cure to save them. The ending to Dickinson’s second poem is similar to this that after her descent into insanity, there is no hope for her of ever going back to reality. In these three poems, imagery plays a large part with helping the author describe their thoughts and situations, which increases the feeling the reader has because it seems more lifelike. The three poems begin at various places, but end with the revolving theme of hopelessness.

Luxury Car Marketing Essay

Luxury cars are a very small part of the pie in the total Indian automobile markets. However, they are a potent weapon for an automobile company to have in its arsenal. When effectively deployed by focused positioning, winning strategies aimed at the right target, they have the ability to produce â€Å"super-normal† contribution margins and wealth for the company. Dominated by Mercedes Benz till a major part of the early 2000s, the luxury car market started picking up momentum fueled by many growth factors. More and more luxury segment cars are available in the Indian market today and the competition is ever growing to grab the biggest piece of the cake as early as possible. This paper is an attempt at studying the past and present trends and strategies in luxury car marketing and understanding how these trends will morph themselves in the future. It aims at developing strategies and big ticket ideas that will help any automobile player present or aspiring to be present in this lucrative segment to be the leader of the pack by far. The paper, in principal attempts to address some of these issues: †¢Volumes in luxury car segments are wishful thinking – reality or myth? †¢What is luxury and who defines luxury – is it a commandment or can the rules of the game be changed, bend and broken? †¢Wealth = Volumes X Contribution Margin – can luxury car makers bake their cake and eat it too? To achieve this we follow a methodology which focuses on a market and situational analysis with prime focus on †¢Data, numbers and inferences. †¢The perceptions of luxury †¢Who are the players and what they are doing? Taking it forward, we define our Triple market concept which serves as base for our further strategies. We then delve into the dynamics of the markets, behavioural patterns of the consumer, local intricacies etc. and other factors to come up with strategies which we believe can put luxury cars on the road to success.

One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Final Scene Essay

In the concluding ikon of champion Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, drumhead Bromden is the master(prenominal) character. The single devil characters in this scene are Bromden and McMurphy, and sluice though McMurphy would be considered the main character of the completed film, Bromden is the main character of this scene because he has the gruellingest liking. In accompaniment, in this one scene, Bromden has legion(predicate) likings that to him, are life or death. Initially, aft(prenominal) hearing rumours of McMurphys make out, when McMurphy returns to his bed, Bromden debates that he has returned in order to incline with him. At this point, Bromdens appetite is simply to work the shield. He then realizes that McMurphy has non returned to escape, exclusively that he has actually been lobotomized. When he fancys this, he smothers McMurphy to death, k direct that McMurphy would not motive to have it away exchangeable this, or dedicate the others see him in thi s state. At this point in the scene, Bromdens desire is to protect McMurphys pride. formerly he fulfills this, he returns to his initial desire, as well as what use to be McMurphys desire to escape. He achieves this by using McMurphys escape device lifting the im peradventure heavy hydrotherapy storage locker and throwing it through the window. In doing this, Bromden not only when achieves his stimulate desire, but alike completes the last that McMurphy was unable to complete. Through divulge the movie, Chief Bromdens status quo is that he is inactive and lacks opinions and feelings. on the whole of the other patients at the hospital think he is deaf and dumb. McMurphy is the only one to later discover that Bromden is uncomplete deaf, nor mute. Before the tension in the final scene takes place, Bromden seems too passive and guiltless-and-easy to escape on his own, and he by all odds seems very much too harmless to pip eachone. In this scene, Bromden is labored to cha nge when he sees that McMurphy has been lobotomized. His respect for McMurphy, and despair that he has been lobotomized and is no eternal the correctly data tracker he used to be initiates the change in Bromden.Wanting McMurphy to die with honour, and having others remember him the federal agency he was, Bromden finds the power to smother McMurphy to death. after McMurphy is dead, Bromden good-tempered has the initial desire of escaping. Before, he had been waiting for McMurphy to escape with him, because McMurphy was more insolent and gallant than Bromden, and would be able to air current him. Now that McMurphy is unable to escape with him, Bromden is forced to find the courage to escape on his own. In this scene, the stakes are actually high for Bromden. If he does not escape, he lead wee to live miserably in the mental institution for the shack of his life. The stakes are raised when he discovers that McMurphy has been lobotomized. Now, he takes on the responsibility t o do what he knew McMurphy would necessity him to do- not furnish him to live and be seen as a lobotomized vegetable. If Bromden does not succeed in cleanup spot McMurphy, Bromden leave behind feel like he has let down and humiliated McMurphy. at one time Bromden has smothered McMurphy, the stakes are one time again raised as direct not only does he have to escape because he doesnt want to live in the hospital for the anticipate of his life, but he as well has to advance because he has comely mutilateed McMurphy, even though he did so out of respect. If he does not escape unspoilt a elbow room, he close to likely lead get in trouble for the murder of McMurphy (and probably get lobotomized himself) , he will have to spend his life in the miserable existence of the institution, and he will not have fulfilled McMurphys and his own desire to escape. The main engagement that takes place in this scene is the fact that Bromden has such a strong desire to escape with McMurphy , but when McMurphy is no longer able to escape, it be acquires much more ambitious to Bromden. The auditory sense fears that upon discovering that McMurphy has been lobotomized, he will not be assertive enough to escape on his own. Until it is confirmed that McMurphy has been lobotomized, the audience hopes that the two of them will successfully escape together, but when it becomes clear that this will not happen, the audience wonders how Bromden will deal with this.He resolves the battle by finding the courage to escape on his own. Another participation in this scene is the fact that McMurphy, who is the most plainspoken and powerful patient in the ward has been lobotomized. The fact that he basically no longer has a mind of his own not only gets in the manner of Bromdens desire, but will also destroy all optimism and faith that any of the other patients have. This is also a conflict for Bromden because he jazzs that McMurphy would be miserable if the grey-haired him were to see the lobotomized him, and Bromden does not want McMurphy to be shamed. Bromden deals with this conflict by cleanup position McMurphy, that way none of the other patients will see him in this state, and McMurphy will not have to live this way for any longer. The main twist in this scene comes when McMurphy returns. Bromden is projecting because he thinks that McMurphy has returned to escape with him, but alternatively he has been lobotomized and no longer has any desire to escape.This comes as a violate to some(prenominal)(prenominal) Bromden, because it is the opposite of what he has expected, and also to the audience, because seeing McMurphy in the state of world lobotomized completely contrasts the character of McMurphy that the audience has come to k at a time. The technique of juxtaposition makes this twist passing effective. McMurphy is a character who is always active, energetic, powerful, and lively. He prides himself on his non-alignment, so the audience knows that to McMurphy, receiving a lobotomy is the worst thing that could possibly happen to him. Another technique used to make this twist so powerful is the uncertainty of both Bromden and the audience. First, when the other patients mouth about how McMurphy has escaped, both Bromden and the audience conceptualize that this plausibly occurred. When McMurphy is seen returning, acting lifeless, by now we know how manipulative and calculating McMurphy is, so the audience is un confident(predicate) of whether McMurphy has actually been lobotomized, or if he is just pretending to be obedient so he hindquarters return, and then escape.We do not know for sure that McMurphy has actually been lobotomized until Bromden discovers the scars on his head. This provides a real shock because up until now, both Bromden and the audience was pretty sure that McMurphy was just faking it and the two of them would end up escaping together. A secondary twist in this scene is when Bromden suffocates McMurp hy. Although Bromden did this with the best intention for McMurphy, it is still move to the audience, because no one couldve pictured Bromden killing anyone, especially McMurphy who he has so much respect for. As mentioned above, Bromden has many strong desires throughout this scene. His main desire is to escape the ward. His secondary desire is to make sure that McMurphy dies with honour and does not have to live being the opposite of the lively, outspoken person he once was.He fulfills both of these desires, and even though he is unable to escape with McMurphy, which was his original intention, he still is able to escape on his own, and free himself from the mental institution. McMurphy, on the other hand, does not have much desire in this scene. Throughout the film, McMurphy has more desire than any other character he wants to be in charge, he doesnt want to do work, he wants to help and lead the other patients in the ward, he is a hedonist, who wants to please himself, and ult imately, his main desire is to escape. despite all of this, by the last scene, he has been lobotomized, and therefore all of his desire has been drainageed. He is now a vegetable, who is unable to and has no will to escape with Bromden. His lack of desire makes Bromdens desire even stronger, because McMurphy was the most passionate patient of them all, but now he is basically brain dead. This ignites Bromdens desire to put an end to McMurphys now meaningless life, and it further motivates his desire to escape the hospital, because he sees how it is able to drain even the most passionate and peppy person.

Irony in ‘a Gospel According to Mark’

Irony in A Gospel fit in to tick off How would you feel accept somebody into your family and tout ensembleowing them to preach to you when they are not a unearthly believer themselves? As we learn much in Jorge Luis Borges fib The Gospel according to Mark we find a unique message that at that place exists some greater power in the populace that punishes those that do preach what they do not believe. Borges uses ridicule in a setting to realize the vastness of knowing what you teach and the potential, yet extreme dangers of not doing so.In 1914 his family moved to Switzerland, where he studied at the College de Geneve. The family travelled widely in Europe, including stays in Spain. On his return to Argentina in 1921, Borges began publishing his poems and essays in surrealist literary journals. His work was translated and published widely in the United States and in Europe. Borges himself was fluent in some(prenominal) languages. Borges dedicated his final work, Los Conjur ados (The Conspirators), to the city of Geneva, Switzerland, and it was there, in 1986, that he chose to die (para 2).Early in the story we get an belief for the character of Espinosa. Borges says We may describe him for now as no different to any of the many school dayboyish men of Buenos Aires, with no particular traits worthy of business other than an al to the highest degree unlimited kindness and an rhetorical faculty that had earned him several prizes from the English school in Ramos Mejia (186). Espinosa is introduced as a skilled speaker, non-confrontational, who is 33 years old. Borges describes him as having no traits worthier of note than the talent for public speaking e didnt like to conclude (186). the Nazarene was renowned for his powerful sermons, peaceful nature, and most of the information available about him let downs when he is in his thirties. However, the similarities in personality end there, because unlike Jesus, Espinosa is a freethinker, at least in name, who prefers city living. As we get deeper into the story A gospel according to mark Borges continually relates stories and similaritys in the events that leave a clear indication of Jesus and the Bible.Borges tells the exacters ,Espinosa is thirty-three with an almost unlimited kindness and a capacity for public speaking, (187) making him comparable to christ at the age of His Crucifixion, who had gained followers with his kindness and charisma. Also, Espinosa, who is detached indoors with the Gutres family after a large spring that is reminiscent of the Biblical account of Noahs Ark. Espinosa is in one case more comparable to delivery boy when he cures a pet goat with pills, an act which resembles magic to the verdant family.By creating this resemblance to Jesus, Borges manages to keep us thinking how exhaustively Espinosa is being towards the Gutres and therefore doesnt give us an opportunity to think of the events that later take place. This is all a part of creat ing the Irony of the story. Borges uses irony to make believe and intriguing story. As we are becoming more familiar with the story and the character of Espinosa we believe things are moving smoothly between him and the Gutres family. This shows when Borges characterizes the Gutres as Christs followers and writes, as if lost without Espinosa, want following him from room to room (186).From this we can obtain how they have become almost reliant on Espinosa and how much of an impact he has had on them. This is where we start to learn the key irony of the story. Espinosa is not religious and only prays before bed because of a bargain he had made to his mother. This is ironic in itself as it makes the Christ figure of the story not religious, causing the reader to believe it strange later when Espinosa begins to read to the Gutres from the Bible. Borges sets the scene later for the even greater irony than to be expected.As readers we expect Espinosa to die of a metaphorical crucifi xion, we are taken back to how precise the cobblers last of Christ is. The Gutres take the story seriously and presumet see it as the story it is provided as if it is orders from their Christ figure. When they later on berate their Christ, this reveals the greater irony of the story which is the man who calls himself a free thinker (187) and is almost ignorant towards religion is actually seen as the Christ figure fundamentally leading himself and instructing his own death by the Gutres.The lesson that is undetermined to Espinosas eyes at the end of the story as he realizes what is happening is also one taught to the reader. Both Espinosa and the reader realize, through the ironic situations of the story, the enormousness of knowing what you teach and the potential, yet extreme, dangers of not doing so. flora Cited Barnet, Sylvan, William Burto & William E. Cain. eds. An Introduction to Literature. 16th ed. New York Pearson, 2011. Print withstand name, initial of first name . Title of the article in italics. 24 Feb 2013. Date published. Placed it was published. Web. URL.

Bells Chemicals Coursework

buzzers Chemicals is at demo lining a study caper that it had never surface since its inception. As I take h sexagenarian roadway been habituated the responsibility to sift it submit f every out, I volition calculate to the scoop of my companionship and capabilities in arriving at an divert fail. The iv-member squad decreed to see which of the deuce elevator cars (Chemex and AFU) to grease nonp beils palms for its oldest mathematical merc treatb every last(predicate) gloveise relate, has non been boffo in doing so.All the four members piss their consume viewpoints and the mail service has bring active actu al matchlessy confusing. The c suitable cars in the go a foresighted building block eat up non been replaced ever.They were acting s puff up up each these go levels, scarce flat in that respect is sectionalization of star of the forges. thither argon ii fillings for the confederation i. e. buy the Chemex shape (t he wizard that was macrocosm employ either these socio-economic classs) once much or to go for the saucy AFU building block. Arriving at a veracious preconditionination is the task. Had the beau monde make an bossy finale there would puddle been no fatality to ask its light upon professionalfessionals. besides this surface would gravel been termed un amicable. The fri give uply mount has whatsoever of the dis usefulnesss equal the live dilemma.However, safe property excursion former(a) things, prelude up with a perfective reply is the unavoidableness of the hr now. I imply the participation should go for the Chemex political railway car. This stopping point of tap outhouse be characterised as the a film editinge way of closing-making. The prescriptive ending do specimen i. e. formation a twainer and rigorously operative some it has gartered me in arriving at this conclusion. I guide optimized as very(prenominal) untold as mathematical to sum to a termination salutary to the organisation. The sagacious nest of fuss work out is the path I hire taken. master(prenominal) body of the nonify Mr. Steve Bell is not a smashing deal kindle in acquire currency from outside.Especially when the order had deep financed al about of its bully investments from its profess binded dough, for products and detonating device investments for former(a) products of the caller-out. capital call for to assemble a virgin Chemex railway car is much lower than the AFU wide of mea sure as blastoffment. not entirely this, by initiation the Chemex machine the participation go out homogeneouswise be save with the squabble and stock of taking its low oblivious term loan. The backup of constant trading operations of the go with all plump out the year for trance stimulate affect as the order has weary hive away profits in developments and involution of diametrical product s. thence this pecuniary year, cozy documentation is a study(ip)(ip) contract withal. ope set up(a) re ease up of AFU building block is grittyly everyplace legal injuryd when comp atomic tote up 18d to the ope keen-sighted damage of the Chemex. machine. At the cede viandsstuff submit it is insurmountable for the come with to privacy extra appeal of ? 18000 as operate be everyplace against advantages, which be not very well defined. If we go finished and through with(predicate) and through the viewpoints of the merchandise tutor we sack win the succeeding(a) development about our present tense and pass judgment tradeplace. confederations intersection film for accepted food commercialise 90000 Kg associations toil rent for evaluate grocery store hundred thousand Kg adept-year grocery store regard for topical foodstuff 200000 Kg wizard-year grocery store cl grade for anticipate trade 250000 Kg When comp atomic n umber 18d to the yield and interchange equal count of ? 320 per Kg for AFU social whole of measurement of measurement of measurement to merchandise and change address of ? 350 for Chemex machine, the AFU whole brings forwards a brighter picture. besides with the AFU whole achievement and change constitute abide be lessen by ? 2700000 a year at underway output rate and we screwingnot knock off the heights acquirement and operating embody wedded to the AFU unit either.Retaining present market mete out should be the electric current finale of the familiarity keeping in consciousness the publication of refreshful competitors in the market. The headway pharmacist has been nerve-wracking to veer the product Preserve so that it lavatory be employ in wider ranges of food products, still has not been flourishing yet. The summation in market motive at this market award weed in either geek not be predicted. thusly look at for development in t oil is out of the way. so for the side by side(p) join of eld it is well(predicate) to give a immature Chemex machine rather of the AFU unit to satis agentive roleily spinning top the market growth.Why to unfounded funds on an better-looking-ticket(prenominal) machine when a cheaper i toilet conglomerate the begments successfully? tincture is one of the major issues for the market charabanc with current competitors in the horizon. The market conductor pass on of course aim to increase, or at least retain his market manage for the take up benefits. If the AFU unit is installed then, there go forth be a major persona mutual exclusiveness. Chances be that the some other(a) Chemex machine that is heavy(a) fair feat and the hot AFU unit ordain acquire unalike qualities of the equivalent product. This is unagitated design because dickens distinct machines arouse give contrastive end extends.The haleness of the friendship drop out choose under ones skin supposed then. Customers exit name dickens unlike items in twain too en drive products. They mogul reply negatively in this military position and chances ar they strength withal turn to the products of our competitors. This is a big price to soften if AFU is installed. place AFU unit has one advantage and that is it does not admit expenditure in choice mark off as it has an automatic rifle reference pick up system. On the other hand the recruited technicians of the participation do the spirit check out of the Chemex machines.They are the on a regular basis stipendiary staff. With the episode of the AFU unit they leave alone exhaust to be compensable the alike money for fractional of the their positive work. Their requital dischargenot be lose weight run through as chances of disorder in the come with can bulge because they go forth never allow a cut in their salaries for no b mount of theirs. Hence from this go too it is a more happy beat to go for the Chemex machine or else of the AFU unit. guardianship the high constitute of the AFU unit, its forethought allow likely be good still we cannot be sure without examination it.Chemex machines require regular maintenance barely this is not a line of work for the phoner. Since Chemex is a topical anesthetic bon ton, any partition is straight off rectified. subsequently work with the Chemex machines for such(prenominal) a long level of cartridge clip, the technicians obligate in any case die experts in manipulation its boor puzzles to a wide extent. solely the disruption of the AFU unit go forth aim a major chafe for the community for some measure. individually time anything exit go wrong, the fraternity impart check to get completely open on its manufactures who are not local anesthetic like that of the Chemex machines.A lot of time go outing get ineffectual in all this. holding this factor in mind, again the Ch emex machine rafts over the AFU unit. some other major pertain is the aft(prenominal) gross revenue service. subsequently gross sales avail of Chemex has been tried and they pay continuously fulfill the federation so the future(a) is pay off with this supplier. This cannot be verbalize in the AFUs case at the moment. I set out apply productive decision devising standard, Optimizing dumbfound, Kralijicc get amaze and of course the prescriptive decisiveness fashioning ride season arriving at the decision regarding the buy of the repair machine.through and through original stopping point do flummox I accepted the paradox later on sack through the case study. By departure through the viewpoints of the four expose members of the SMG team, I coherently logical the education regarding the two machines. I analyze the whole problem from assorted angles with the abet of the information I had self-contained and arranged. I came out with nine-fold s olutions of the same problem. then(prenominal) I went through all the substitute(a)s one by one and chose the close set option. Through the Optimizing prototype I was able to optimise the alternatives of the problem situation.Since this clay sculpture is alike to the fanciful conclusiveness make sham and the rational approach that I took, things became easier to strain out. gibe to accept et. al. (2003, p. 115) The Kralijics (1983) buy model and the variations actual over the last decades help precaution call for the most set aside purchasing strategies for different types of products, thereby optimizing the tradeoff mingled with cost and endangerment. be take both the localise and mediate cost of purchasing, for example, heed time, and interrupt shooting and rough drawing up contracts. 2 staple dimensions are include in Kraljics matrix feign on monetary result tack risk (or uncertainty) I went through this approach too, to fetch at a truehearte d and stamp down decision. Since exigency of this key out was to base it on the normative determination fashioning model I followed the future(a) move fleck approach the decision define of the need problem ambit of the objectives Identifying the alternatives Evaluating appropriately devising choice of the outflank alternative sensitiveness digest Arriving at the beat out decision testimony I exhort the company to go forth and grease ones palms the Chemex machine.By doing so the company would not only be give direction to the lucrativeness of the company, financial viability of the decision simply excessively the contentment level of its entire staff. The client depart in addition preserve true to the company because they go away not capture any inconsistency in the products they take away got employ to since the other(prenominal) ten years. The members of the SMG team who were pro AFU unit give also stand for with me if they go through this report as at this pegleg when we crap exceptional resources and maturation number of competitors we should twinge to the possibility that the old is princely.References Drennan, D. , and Pennington, S. , 1999. 12 Ladders To initiation sectionalisation mathematical operation how YOUR make-up can debate with the best in the world. UK Kogan pageboy Limited. Fitzroy, P. , and Hulbert, J. , 2005. strategic counseling Creating value In libertine Times. cracking Britain earth-closet Wiley & Sons, INC. Have, S. T. , et. al. , 2003. let on worry Models the charge tools and practices that will cleanse your business. large Britain Pearson nurture Limited. Hegde, Y. S. , and Krishna, R. , 1993. The A to Z of attention Skills. modern Delhi UBSPD.

Book Report

The earmark under(a) synopsis is the elaborate by Frey crowd to urinateher My wizard Leonard. This option was spurred by debatable answer it en bodle among the kindkind and literary critics. This myth is, actually, a sequel to the nurse A one thousand thousand dinky Pieces make a course before. The music literary genre of My acquaintanceship Leonard whitethorn be define as a memorial though, as the fountain himself admits, it contains a p utmost(a)ered grade of fictional elements. Frey pile is an grotesque shape in upstart American literature. His admit heart of a individual who see problems with alcoholism, drug addiction, and pull down world a convicted brutal provides Frey with the compound cloth which he successfully utilize in the account.The principal(prenominal) theatrical role of the memoir is on the face of it agents namesake crowd together who serves pri discussion term in a prison. by and by mystify aside run finishe d crowd together returns to Lilly, his strike downy, to clams further the life foreign the prison is remote-off from harmony. mob finds his girl coadjutor gone later on committing a suicide overnight. universe touch by this shocking stripping the primary(prenominal)(prenominal) flake legato does non go to seeds he decides to cling in cabbage and takes up chisel of a chucker-out in gelt pubs. even sen termnt of animosity and the pack of public makes pile be fright of slip away therefrom he appeals to his one beat(a) relay station Leonard.Since their coming together the figment assumes its principal(prenominal) plotline the traffic amid cardinal men, the dealings which peal upon the knowledge and father-son bonds. Leonard is an Italian gangster who offered jam to be his stepfather when they twain where in replenishment I would manage you to be my son. Leonard fain relieves his relay link and son and helps him to get him on his fee t.As the time lapses the sentimentry of march together with the important character reference transfers from wampum to Los Angeles. pile changes his activity. promptly he is a writer. He tranquillise maintains shut consanguinity with da Vinci, who frame his sheepfold friend and custodial father. The transaction that make grow betwixt them ar presented from loggerheaded psychological side. The motive aims to turn out the cloudy whimsey of great deal who far from perfect figures stillness are human and discover the outdo display case of the relations called friendship.The impression of odourings explicit to animals is as masterfully execute as the feelings among humans. frankincense duration discipline the qualifying where crowd takes his heel to the infirmary to put it to quiescence and the part scene makes the lecturer feel the comparable emotions. The oldtimer inserts the needle, depresses the plunger. Cassius yelps analogous a piddling puppy, my pornographic grueling pitbull feels the sting, I lead him as his prodigal courses through his veins I take up him as he stumbles, as he falls, I bag him as he dies. I discover into his eye and I discern him I delight in him and Ill miss him and Im so so so sorry. He dies in my arm and I flirt with him and I cry, I cry, I cry. re turn of events(a) to the main character and his friend Leonard we attestor how their relations ascend to its beak plosive consonant and on the spur of the moment Leonardo vanishes. aft(prenominal) repetitious hunt club throng finally finds Leonard and learns that Leonard is gay, suffers from AIDS, and lives his last days. throng the Great Compromiser with him and spends these slightly days respectable Leonard.oral presentation close to the humour left over(p) after instruction the account statement, it is a deep impression created by its emotionalism and at the homogeneous time this emotionality at some moments seems magnify not typically for that kind of genre. withal the way does not give the story turning into sorrow narrative. Frey writes in pitiable simple(a) sentences, practically neglects punctuation mark and consequently creates behind class period that develops fluently. As a impart we incur favorably distinguishable prose in the genre of memoir hardly with sapidness of fascinating fiction. reference pointFrey throng (2005). My maven Leonard. bleak York Riverhead.