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Saturday, May 23, 2020

Atticus Finch The Face Of The Modern Hero - 1789 Words

Atticus Finch: The Face of the Modern Hero Many types of heroes exist in the real and fictional worlds of today, but the modern hero is the most powerful and effective. A modern hero possesses powers such as intelligence, self-control, and a strong will. Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, does not go on a mythical quest like the classic hero but searches within himself for the courage and integrity to do what is right and change the reality around him. Atticus Finch is a lawyer living in Maycomb, Alabama during the 1930s, a time known as the Great Depression. Atticus Finch is a heroic character who must face the adversities that the racist prejudice of Maycomb County residents put him through and raise his children, Jem and Scout, in the way he sees as morally correct. Atticus believes in the goodness of all people and that a man should always stand by his belief no matter what the outcome is. Because of their father’s moral code, Jem and Scout are exposed to the judgment of the society when their father agrees to defend a black man, Tom Robinson, falsely accused of raping a white women. Jem and Scout watch as their society battles within itself to resolve issues of equality and justice. Atticus Finch is an evident modern hero as he shows strength and courage when he is faced with impossible obstacles, has qualities and traits that separate him from the society around him, and has a moral code that prompts him to be a catalyst for change that impactsShow MoreRelatedInspiration, Saviour And Hero : Atticus Finch1597 Words   |  7 PagesSaviour and Hero: Atticus Finch When we hear the word hero, the typical view that comes to mind is someone who fights crime and saves people from mortal dangers, but the true definition of a hero is a courageous person, admired for their brave deeds and noble qualities. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee uses memorable characters to explore Civil Rights and racism in the 1930’s; during the segregation in the Southern states of USA. The story is told through the eyes of Scout Finch. As the storyRead MoreRole and evolution of the hero in literature1472 Words   |  6 Pages If Hero means sincere man, why may not everyone of us be a Hero? (Carlyle, qtd. in Hoyt s New Cyclopedia of Practical Quotations). This statement makes heroism seem simple, but is being sincere enough to make you a hero? In modern society, the answer is likely to be yes, but in literature, it can be controversial. A hero in literature is generally portrayed as a man of action rather than thought. He exceeds ordinary men in skill, strength, and courage and his usual occupations are warRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1910 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author s observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator s father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Improvement Of K Means Clustering Algorithm - 1431 Words

IMPROVEMENT IN K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR DATA CLUSTERING Omkar Acharya Department of Computer Engineering Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune, India omkarchamp1000@gmil.com Mayur Sharma Department of Computer Engineering Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune, India mayur_sharma60@yahoo.com Mahesh Kopnar Department of Computer Engineering Pimpri Chinchwad College Of Engineering Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune, India mkopnar@gmail.com Abstract— The set of objects having same characteristics are organized in groups and clusters of these objects are formed known as Data Clustering.It is an unsupervised learning technique for classification of data. K-means algorithm is widely used and famous algorithm for analysis of clusters.In this algorithm, n number of data points are divided into k clusters based on some similarity measurement criterion. K-Means Algorithm has fast speed and thus is used commonly clustering algorithm. Vector quantization,cluster analysis,feature learning are some of the application of K-Means.However results generated using this algorithm are mainly dependant on choosing initial cluster centroids.The main shortcome of this algorithm is to provide appropriate number of clusters.Provision of number of clusters before applying the algorithm is highly impractical and requires deep knowledge of clusteringShow MoreRelatedProject Proposal ( Option 3 )944 Words   |   4 Pageson is K-means clustering. The k-means clustering problem can be described as following: Given a set of n data points in d-dimensional space R^d and an integer k. Find a set of k points/centers in R^d, such that the mean squared distance from each data point to its nearest centre (one of the k centers) is minimized. Paper Summaries: A local search approximation algorithm for k-means clustering (2004) The paper considered whether there exists a simple and practical approximation algorithm for k-meansRead MoreEnergy Efficient Cluster Formation Techniques1717 Words   |  7 Pagespateljigisha884@gmail.com Mr. Achyut Sakadasariya Department of Computer Engineering C.G.P.I.T, Uka Tarsadia University Bardoli, India achyut.sakadasariya@utu.ac.in Abstract—In wireless sensor network (WSN), many novel architectures, protocols, algorithms and applications have been proposed and implemented for energy efficiency. The efficiency of these networks is highly dependent on routing protocols which directly affecting the network life-time. Cluster formation in sensor network is one of theRead MorePrescriptive Analytics For Cyber Security1160 Words   |  5 Pages Prescriptive Analytics for Cyber Security Anomaly Detection Algorithm Status and Future Steps Xinle (Liam) Wang E295, MEng in IEOR University of California, Berkeley â€Æ' Introduction: Our capstone project team is working on Prescriptive Analytics for Cyber Security. The project mainly consists of two parts – building a predictive anomaly detection algorithm that detects suspicious cyber anomalies based on multiple cyber datasets, and implementing a prescriptive model which optimizes the outputRead MoreWhat Is Web Proxy Log Data And Preprocessing973 Words   |  4 Pagesthem in the server. The existing works try to cluster the data based on the user interests or the time taken by the server to respond back to the requests. In this proposed work improvement of the performance is achieved by clustering the users in different group based on their location from which the request is sent. Clustering the users based on the location improves the hit ratio. The web log file provides all the data about the user such as user name, IP address, Time Stamp, Access Request, numberRead MoreSegmentation Of Brain Mr Images For Tumor Area And Size Detection By Using Of Clust ering Algorithm1536 Words   |  7 PagesSEGMENTATION OF BRAIN MR IMAGES FOR TUMOR AREA AND SIZE DETECTION BY USING OF CLUSTERING ALGORITHM Shinu Sadeyone1 Assistant professor (Sathyabama University, Chennai) S.Freeda2 Assistant professor (A.C.T engineering college, Chngalpattu) 1shinusedayone@gmail.com. 2freeda27@gmail.com. Abstract- There are different types of tumors are available. Astrocytoma is the most common type of tumor (30% of all brain tumor) and is usually a malignant one. Astrocytoma can be subdivided into four gradesRead MoreAnalysis Of Malignant Brain Cancer1389 Words   |  6 PagesIn Medical diagnosis, through Magnetic Resonance Images, Robustness and accuracy of the Prediction algorithms are very important, because the result is crucial for treatment of Patients. A brain tumor is a cluster of abnormal cells growing in the brain. It may occur in any person at almost any age. It may even change from one treatment session to the next but its effects may not be the same for each person. Brain tumors appear at any location, in different image intensities, can have a variety ofRead MoreDigital Imaging Technologies Have Become Indispensable Components For Clinical Procedures1344 Words   |  6 Pagesconsuming, and has poor reproducibility. The problem faced in clustering is the identificati on of clusters in given data. A widely used method for clustering is based on K-means in which the data is partitioned into K number of clusters. In this method, clusters are predefined which is highly dependent on the initial identification of elements representing the clusters well. Several researchers in clustering has focused on improving the clustering process such that the clusters are not dependent on theRead MoreWhat Is 3-K-Means Clustering Algorithm732 Words   |  3 Pages.3- K-Means Clustering Algorithm The K-means algorithm is an unsupervised clustering algorithm which partitions a set of data, usually termed dataset into a certain number of clusters. Minimization of a performance index is the primary basis of K-means Algorithm, which is defined as the sum of the squared distances from all points in a cluster domain in the cluster center. Initially K random cluster centers are chosen. Then, each sample in the sample space is assigned to a cluster based on the minimumRead MoreAn Efficient High Dimensional Data Clustering Using Akka Clustering2910 Words   |  12 PagesDimensional Data Clustering Using Akka-Clustering Avinash Dhanshetti Department of Information Technology, Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, India avinashdhanshetty@gmail.com Tushar Rane Department of Information Technology, Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, India ranetushar@yahoo.com Dr. S. T. Patil Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India Abstract —Data Clustering is key point used in data processing algorithms for Data MiningRead MoreArtificial Neural Network Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesnetwork is used when there is a need for brain capabilities and machine idealistic. The advantages of neural network information processing arise from its ability to recognize and model nonlinear relationships between data. In biological systems, clustering of data and nonlinear relationships are more common than strict linear relationships .Conventional statistical methods can be used to model nonlinear relationships, but they require complex and extensive mathematical modelling. Neural networks provide

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Short Story - 1381 Words

â€Å"Excuse me, â€Å" the man interrupts. â€Å"I was talking to her.† The man says, staring directly at Greene. â€Å"Do I know you?† â€Å"I don’t believe so.† Greene responds. â€Å"You look familiar,† the man says, maintaining his eye contact. A small sliver of nerves start to form within Cander, he takes a silent and deep composing breath. â€Å"I don’t think we have ever met. I’m sure of it actually.† Greene responds firmly. â€Å"Ah, you’re right. You just remind me of someone. But hey, since you’re going to be joining us, it would be nice to get to know you,† he says with a smile. â€Å"Actually, let me take a guess,† Talking fast, he barely gives them a chance to respond. He studies her face, tilting his head from side to side. Trying not to show any emotion, Greene†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"When I was young, He would tell us this story about a beach that we were going to move to. Live in a house right up on the shore, away from all the noise and traffic that a crowded city can bring. The day’s warm weather will balance out with a cool breeze at nighttime. Each night would be a home cooked meal with the food from our own garden, it would be just us living there; as a happy family,† Cander briefly smiles at the man. â€Å"He died repairing a rundown building in the pines. And we never got to live on that beach. You want to know who we are and why we are here, we want to get rid of the constraints of this city. We want to finally make it to that beach.† The man crosses his arms, his face inscrutable, and his reaction ambiguous. â€Å"I know who you are,† the recruiter says solemnly. Cander looks at him inquisitively. â€Å"Welcome to the Argonauts!† He blurts out cheerfully, extending his arms to the side in a welcoming manner. A moment later, men dressed in the familiar black suits come storming in from the exit door behi nd him. The recruiter’s cheerful expression does not change, even as he is forced to the ground, his hands pushed behind his back. Cander and Greene exit through the entrance they arrived, the restaurant has been cleared out, a line no longer waits anxiously to get in. Walking up from the back room, two men escort the recruiter into another white car. He smiles at Greene as he is led into the back seat. A fewShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Quality Management Proposal Free Essays

BJB Quality Management Proposal Outline Learning Team B Christie Bryant, John Deprimo, Kareemot Olorunoje, Ammy Solis, Michael Willis, and Patrice Wills MGT/420 Kathryn Kendall November 5, 2012 BJB Quality Management Proposal Outline Introduction As a manufacturer of high-end compact disc changers for the automobile aftermarket, BJB manufacturing currently has no quality program. The organization needs a strategy for improving business performance through the commitment and involvement of all employees to fully satisfying agreed customer requirements, at the optimum costs, through the  continual improvement  of the products and services, business processes, and people involved (Total Quality Management – TQM, Unknown). The company’s president seeks to gain a competitive edge in the compact disc changer industry over its competition by establishing a total quality management (TQM) program. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Management Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1) Product and Needs of BJB Manufacturing Company 2) Quality Management Approach ) Role of Leadership in Planning, Developing, and Implementing Week 2, Part I: Prepare a total quality management program for BJB Manufacturing Company by writing a 700-to 1,050-word paper in which you develop a quality management approach for BJB. 4) BJB Manufacturing Company Quality Management Initiative Proposal * a) Determine what needs the stakeholders may have for BJB’s products. b) Analyze the product and needs of BJB, and then select the quality management approach that would be the best fit. Explain your rationale. c) Describe the role of leadership in planning, developing, and mplementing a quality process in BJB. Week 3, Part II: Continue building your proposal by incorporating your instructor’s feedback from the Quality Initiative Proposal, and adding 700-to 1,050-words to address theory. * 5) BJB Manufacturing Company Quality Management Theory d) Select one of the theories tha t you feel would be the best fit for BJB and the successful implementation of this particular project. e) Address how these quality theories and process-driven and customer-driven quality requirements apply to both the manufacturing and service industries. * * Week 4, Part III: * Continue building your proposal for BJB’s Strategic Planning Committee by adding 1,050-to 1,750-words outlining the strategies for addressing quality management issues and determining an effective means of deploying the quality management initiative. 6) BJB Manufacturing Company Quality Management Implementation Strategy * 1. Analyze factors that should be considered when measuring the results of quality initiatives by using the quality initiative the Learning Team selected to be the best fit for BJB. Address the leadership’s roles in successfully deploying an initiative. Then determine how this approach would help enhance the accomplishment of the following: i) Reduction of the number of product failures ii) Material and labor costs due to gains in operational efficiencies iii) Profitability iv) Customer complaints management v) Environmental regulations compliance vi) Reduction of the number of damage claims and service reliability in the supply chain vii) Levels of inventory iii) Inventory damage and shrinkage management ix) Communications, cooperation, and coordination between all departments within the company improvement * * Week 4, BJB Total Quality Management Program, Parts I through III Presentation * 2. Prepare a 12- to 15-minute oral presentation of Part I-III of the BJB Total Quality Management Program proposal your team developed. Include 7-12 Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® slides. * * Week 5, Part IV: * * BJB Manufacturing Company Quality Management Supplier All iance Metrics Report Prepare a report in which you determine supplier alliance requirements and appropriate metrics for BJB to measure the performance effectiveness of their suppliers. What recommendations would you present to BJB’s Strategic Planning Committee to integrate the supplier alliance and metrics? a) Determine KPIs for forming supplier alliances as well as how BJB would evaluate supplier qualifications and performance. b) How do these measurements help ensure a competitive advantage for BJB? c) Analyze the types of costs of changing supplier alliances. 7) Conclusion 8) References How to cite Quality Management Proposal, Essay examples

Taking the Hard Road free essay sample

Explaining what my parents do for a living is not the easiest. No, they aren’t school teachers or police officers or even the typical dad goes to work at the office while mom stays home with the kids and the apron. That would be too easy. So when the question arises, â€Å"what do your parents do for a living?† I answer with a usual shrug and sigh: â€Å"They are professional ballroom dancers.† It was the Fourth of July and my family was over celebrating and enjoying the refreshing pool. While sitting around, sharing stories, and catching up, my aunt turned and asked, â€Å"Lauren, what are you going to do when you graduate?† This is a question so simple. But it’s so difficult for me to answer. As I grabbed for a potato chip and overloaded it in dip, I pondered the question. Typically this would be answered with the regular response of going off to college and becoming a teacher or doctor. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking the Hard Road or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But this is not my response. Growing up as a child of professional ballroom dance stars I have been encouraged to follow in their footsteps. They want me to become a professional ballroom dancer, open my own studio, and make them proud. That is what my sister did. That is what my brother did. But that is not what I will do. I’ve enjoyed writing, but after taking creative writing, advanced composition, and journalism, I found my passion. I could accept a job at a dance studio after I graduate High School, but that would be too easy and settling for less. Instead of taking the job and forgetting my dream of becoming a successful journalist, I chose to make my own footsteps. Even though college will be difficult and achieving my dream will be challenging, It will be worth it. It will be mine. I will make my parents proud. By not becoming what they want me to be, but by becoming what I want to be.

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Modern History Battle of the Nations

Question: Discuss about theModern Historyfor Battle of the Nations. Answer: Research Question Following the fall of Napoleon from the catastrophic retreat from Russia to the Battle of the Nations, he chose to surrender to the allies. Prussia, Great Britain, Russia, and Austria came together in 1814 to discuss what should happen to France (Snyder, 2002). The general mood was that this nation must remain intact so as to maintain the balance of power in Europe. My interest in this particular topic is to elaborate on the Concert of Europe as well as the causes of World War I. I am also interested in finding out the various contributions of the balance of power in World War I. Therefore, my research question that I will try to answer as I carry out my research will be, What was the contribution of balance of power in World War I? Hypothesis In this research study, a possible hypothesis to the relevance of the cause of the First World War might be changes in the balance of power during Napoleons reign eventually resulted in World War I since it was difficult for one country to dominate Europe. Research Design I will test or falsify my hypothesis by looking at the Independent Variables that have relevance for the Dependent Variables. For this particular topic, the Independent Variables include judgment of leaders, economic authority, offensive capabilities and decline of empires. These are relevant to my chosen hypothesis which represents the Dependent Variables. I intend to carry out my research by using the Internet, and information from peer reviewed and academic journal articles. I will also use information found at the University Learning Resource Centre library. Research Findings Variable #1: Judgment of Leaders The Concert of Europe was the equilibrium of power that was present in Europe starting with the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte up to the emergence of the First World War (Steiner, 2005). The founding leaders included Austria, the United Kingdom, Prussia, and Russia. These were also affiliates of the 6th Coalition accountable for the decline of Napoleon I. During this time, France managed to establish itself as a fifth member of this particular alliance. Among the leading members of the system were British international Secretary Lord Castlereagh, the Tsar of Russia Alexander I, and Austrian Chancellor Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Manila, 2007). Also referred to as the Congress System, the Concert of Europe was an outcome of a tradition taken on by the ancient great authorities of Europe of meeting often in an International Conference to strategize a solution by joint agreement. This took place whenever an issue arose that was seen as a threat to peace between European countries. Surprisingly, the Concert did not have real liability and stood for European interests, not those of the non-European or colonized states. Notably, war was not absurd for the Concert of Europe, as long as it occurred outside Europe. The leaders in charge within the Congress System aimed at containing France after years of war. They also wanted to attain a balance of power between Europes great authorities while upholding the defensive preparations made at the Congress of Vienna between 1814 and 1815 (Darwin, 2009). The Concert of Europes leaders wanted to prevent the rise of another Napoleon personality which would lead to an additional continent-wide war. Initially, the idea of the Concert was suggested by the Austrian Chancellor, Kaunitz. At the time, the fear of revolution was quite high to the extent of European powers not resting contended until they had come up with some means to safeguard the intransience of Vienna Settlement. The meetings that were to be held, focused on the dialogue of measures that would be judged to be most helpful for the success and repose of the countries, together with the preservation of peace of Europe (Snyder, 2002). Under the leadership and guidance of the Austrian Chancellor, the Quadruple Alliance as it came to be recognized eventually established a dictatorship of the Powers. However, after holding at least four meetings, the Concert broke up in 1823. During the first meeting of the Concert at Aix-la-Chapelle, the Austrian Chancellor remarked that it symbolized the pinnacle of the structure by which the united Powers would set up a joint control over the dealings of all global states. Notably, Napoleon had also previously forwarded his own plan for the welfare of Europe (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). There was a difference of opinion between England and Austria, and Russia regarding the foundation on which France was to be let into the club. While Russia proposed that it be admitted by adhering to the principles of the Holy Alliance, England and Austria felt that France should be admitted through a treaty alliance with the 4 Powers and that was done (Thomas, 2008). In order to please Czar Alexande r, a powerful declaration was issued with regards to the objectives and purpose of the honorable pentarchy. The rights of the people were to be strictly observed, the arts of peace were to be safeguarded, the wealth of the state increased, and the sentiments of religion and morality awakened. This was to be done as an example of concord and justice. In the course of the meetings, the King of Sweden was called upon by the Congress to provide explanations as to why he had overlooked the agreement rights concerning Denmark and Norway (Steiner, 2005). The leader of Monaco was also ordered to advance the executive system of his nation. The Congress addressed the issue of the unclear succession to the Duchy of Baden, and discussed the status of the Jewish citizens in Russia and Austria. Soon enough, certain differences arose among the leaders, differences which increased with the course of time. These were due to the differing interests and joint jealousy of the leaders concerned. With regards to the issue of Barbary pirate in the Mediterranean Sea, the Czar cited that there should be a foreign navy fleet to monitor the waters while stamping out pirates especially in that region. Castlereagh greatly opposed this because he suspected presence of Russian war ships in the Mediterranean Sea (Manila, 2007). Additionally, Fredrick William o f Prussia proposed that an allied army commanded by Wellington of Britain be permanently positioned at Belgium in order to suppress any revolutions anywhere in Europe. Castlereagh refused for fear that Britain might be dragged into any war which other powers thought necessary. The congress of Aix-la-Chapelle was followed by a period of unrest progression in Europe. Not only was there a revolution in Sicily and Naples against Ferdinand I, king of Naples, but also disturbances in Germany. By 1827, the Congress System which had been established by the great Powers to solve European issues that came as a result of Napoleonic wars and the French Revolution failed to attain its goals. Variable #2: Economic Authority The British Foreign Minister, Castlereagh, declined to consent to any offer either to bring colonies back under Spain or even intercede between them and Spain unless British wellbeing in those settlements were protected beforehand (Darwin, 2009). As a way of suppressing slave trade, Great Britain recommended that European states work out a joint right of search for slaves. This was however not acknowledged on the basis of the jealousy of the naval power of Great Britain. Furthermore, no nation was ready to tolerate such intrusion with the trade. It was finally decided that no action could be in use against slavery. It is maintained that a global guarantee of the status quo would have led to the organized suppression of constitutionalism, tolerance and nationalism in Europe. The declaration would have also acted as a campaign against the progressive forces of Europe, thus proving lethal to her dominance in the world (Snyder, 2002). Moreover, there would have been no alliance of German y and Italy. It would also have been quite difficult to divide Holland and Belgium in spite of the complaints of the latter. The main query was whether or not the Powers had any right to interfere in the inside affairs of a State simply on the basis of the status quo being upset in a certain nation. The British position was that she was not ready to embrace the universal code of international authority. However, she was ready to consider partly the involvement whenever an emergency came up in any nation. This nation refused the notion that the joint force of the Allies was to be prostituted in support of the reputable order without any thought of the extent to which it was abused (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). According to Castlereagh, the Alliance was never aimed at the union of worldwide governments or suppression of revolutionary campaigns in every corner of Europe regardless of their values. The over-extension of rival empires such as the Moguls, East Asian empires, or Ottomans, resulted in decentralization which spurred competition and innovation. Following numerous revolutions in 1848, the government sought more centrality and anchoring of everything around the Vienna capital. In 1867, the Austro-Hungarian compromise established the two as a dual monarchy. However, this system together with its many constituent nationalities collapsed with World War I (Thomas, 2008). As much as possible, the Congress of Vienna returned control to the conventional ruling houses of Europe such as the Habsburgs, and the Bourbons. In order to prevent any single nation from attempting to control all of Europe as France had done under Napoleon Bonaparte, the Congress insisted on a balance of power. Nations such as Prussia, Austria, and Russia would have considerable strength. 1870 to 1914 witnessed a Europe that was significantly more firm than that of previous years. This was as a result of the establishment of novel states in Italy and Germany, combined with opinionated reformations in older, developed states such as Austria and Britain (Steiner, 2005). Coupled with scientific progressions of the Industrial Revolution, this internal stability meant that European states were ever more capable and eager to chase political powers internationally. When the worth of these novel technologies became evident, the states of Europe started taking control of large swathes of la nd in Asia and Africa, introducing a novel era of imperialism. The notion of a German state had survived since the establishment of the Kingdom of Germany in the early middle Ages. The commencement of popular nationalism in Germany has its roots in Napoleons invasion of the German land in 1806 (Manila, 2007). Napoleons political machinations encouraged nationalist feelings. Furthermore, most German leaders understood that there was potency in collaborating together. Such an acceptance was to result to inter-state cooperation across the area, the most noteworthy illustration being the Zollverein. This referred to customs union that constituted most of northern Germany by the early 1830s (Darwin, 2009). Both economic and nationalistic factors were taken advantage of by the conventional King of Prussia, William I and his head minister, Otto von Bismarck. These two individuals understood the worth of a unified German state, particularly one that did not include Austrian influence. Tsar Alexander II came to supremacy by using the overpowering in the Crimean War as the key momentum to reform. According to him, Russia needed to adhere to the European representation so as to grow to be more influential. Alexander II would eventually end the covert police started by Nicholas I and establish public trials that had expert judges with state salaries and juries (Snyder, 2002). Local provincial councils known as Zemstvos were also established and elected by the people. They addressed local government issues such as educational institutions and roads. Despite such moves by Alexander II, unrest still continued in Russia. In 1860, Russians established the city of Vladivostok on the Pacific Ocean and started constructing the Trans-Siberian railroad that would link the East to the West. With regards to Japan, it modeled European militarism and industrialization during this period to increase its concentration on China and gain dominance over Korea. It is this expansion that helped cause World War I, marking the first major triumph of a non-Western authority over a Western one (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). Variable #3: Offensive Capabilities The Concert of Europes main achievement was the safeguarding of sovereignty for Greece and Belgium by 1831. In 1840, the authorities except France arbitrated in defense of the Ottoman Empire to end Egypts 8-year occupation of Syria (Thomas, 2008). The pattern of cooperative behavior witnessed in the Concert of Europe during early 19th Century is as a result of a commitment to uphold the settlement, which hinged on the integrity of enforcement threats and an allotment of advantages corresponding with military capabilities. The balance was self-enforcing in that powers that could oppose an alteration of the system had incentives to do so, while those that could upset it did not have incentives to do so (Steiner, 2005). Notably, offensive realists would see any Concert as being at best short-lived. However, constructivists and neorealists would cite that potential balancing of power, multilateral organizations and normative values would award more flexibility within the Concert so as to accommodate transforming conditions and power uniformities. Defensive practicality offers a better record of the Concert of Europe because it merges structural pragmatism with non-realist theories of state inclinations (Manila, 2007). A school of thought recognized as offensive practicality argues that foreign chaos tends to drive states to enlarge whenever a chance presents itself. This is to say that there is no status quo authorities in the foreign structure, save for the rare hegemon that desires to preserve its controlling status over likely rivals. So far, it has been established that the Concert of Europes associates were actually good defensive realists. However, they reacted to structural limitations as they did mainly because their local administrations and leaders were moderate and cautious. Notably, most powers are too weak to make a run for regional hegemony, but still act impolitely to gather as much control as they can since states are more or less always better off with more rather than less authority (Darwin, 2009). Making latent and definite military authority criteria for being a great power usually means not including some states that impose moderation. A number of researchers consider Prussia an immense power throughout the 19th Century, but is only recognized when Otto van Bismarck takes control. Moreover, postwar West Germany is also left out because it did not have the military power to contend with the superpowers. However, this was simply because Western occupation prohibited it from doing so. Concerts are considered to be providers of an insurance policy or the guarantors of last resort, capable of defending minimum standards of the order in foreign society of states. They also design specific agreements to maximize the welfare of their members together with the larger system on whose behalf they operate. Concerts have the luxury of searching for lost opportunities to establish an optimum world (Snyder, 2002). With reference to the Concert of Europe, given that the defeated ex-hegemons are at their point of maximum relative weakness immediately after the war, but benefit relatively afterward, their offensive capabilities, unifying fear and concert cooperation eventually increased over time. Whether or not collective security can work in the novel Europe is a critical issue which underlies much contemporary discussion over how to react to the waning of the Cold War. It is argued that many of the causes of war that produced conflict in the course of the first half of the 20 th Century have either been terminated or substantially moderated. Despite this, it is clear that those involved in the Concert of Europe had specific strategies as to how to conquer their targeted territories. Variable #4: Decline of Empires The demise of the Concert of Europe was a rather slow process where demands for revision of Viennas frontiers along national lines deteriorated it. Italians and Germans wanted to combine their small states, while parts of the Austrian Empire wanted autonomy. The Concert was further weakened by consecutive wars between participants which it was meant to bar the Crimean War of 1854 1856, the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, the Italian War of Independence of 1859, and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 1871 (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). The British Foreign Minister Lord Edward Grey made all efforts to convene the Concert of Europe to prevent the First World War but was unsuccessful. Some historians have described the Concert as being the opposite of a foreign organization that is demanding to work within the boundaries of international law since it did not have a secretariat or rules of behavior. It was through this particular letdown that made Lord Grey and others more strong-minded to set up a body which could call a meeting of key powers at little notice to try and stop war. This is what developed into the League of Nations. The fact that the Concert of Europe lacked an official mechanism meant that the novel body would include one, and affiliate states would entrust themselves to its agreement which included acceptance of rules not to resort to war (Thomas, 2008). The enormous Powers were combating each other for state interests and had refused to negotiate to maintain peace, one of Metternichs main objectives for Europe. The grounds of the Crimean War were also different from the standards of the Concert of Europe because Russia wanted to take lead of the fast deteriorating Ottoman Empire (Steiner, 2005). Initially, Metternich aimed at preventing any country from gaining absolute control of this particular Empire, thus obliterating the balance of power. It is assume that World War I was quite significant in that it heralded the conclusion of empires and the introduction of novel nation-states. Yet, in August 1914, none had the least notion that the War would be long or even significant (Manila, 2007). Notably, it was not before 3 long years of war of erosion that empires, starting with the Russian one, would eventually start to fall apart. To suggest that Europe was in a sate of shock following Napoleons defeat of Prussia and Austria in 1806 would be an understatement. At the time, it appeared that the normal order of things had been shifted on its head. Soon after the collapse of Napoleons empire in 1814, the great Power settled down to the job of redefining the political system, giving birth to the Concert of Europe. World War I witnessed the majestic empires of Britain and France mobilized to assist imperial war and European efforts. The War also set free an unparalleled ideological challenge to colonial rule which was embodied in the notions of Woodrow Wilson taking the form through the mandatory system (Darwin, 2009). Even though Britain came out triumphant from World War I, its empire was far from safe. It had been required to pull back from the majority of its martial pledges around the peripheries of the former Tsarist Empire, withdraw from Turkey, and agree to a novel legitimate settlement in Egypt which reduced its political power. Nonetheless, colonial empires had attained a tipping peak in the early 1920s. Conquering and triumph of the total wars of the 20th Century were of great importance. Combat zone crush for the Ottomans, Russians, and Germans together with resultant revolutions and interior political disintegration guaranteed that their pre-war imperial lands would undergo a form of decolonization in the conflicts aftermath (Snyder, 2002). What has the research revealed about the variables chosen as a method to test the hypothesis? With regards to the variables chosen as a method to test the hypothesis, this research has revealed that the great Powers acted so as to contain the violence and prevent the emergence of a general conflict (Legro Moravcsik, 2000). Additionally, the Crimean War was fashioned to destroy Russia sea power. Are the variables relevant? Yes, the variables are relevant. How so and what is their importance in proving the hypothesis? The variables are relevant in that they provide literal facts concerning the subject matter and prove the hypothesis that changes in the balance of power during Napoleons reign eventually led to World War I since it was difficult for one country to dominate the whole of Europe. Conclusion With the end of the First World War, many argued that NATO and other Cold War security organizations were becoming less significant to the Wests security. This prompted various analysts to look back to the early 19th Century Concert of Europe as a representation for addressing security issues. Furthermore, foreign relations theorists have also used this Concert to establish theories about security organizations for many years. The Concert of Europe was a key diplomatic evolution which institutionalized the practice of meeting together for crisis management. Theoretically, a greater flow of information means more transparency. With this in mind, I believe that the variables discussed above have proved my hypothesis. It was difficult for one nation to have complete control over Europe and differences emerging from such disagreements resulted to World War I. References Darwin, J. (2009). The empire project: The rise and fall of the British world-system, 1830 1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Legro, J.W., Moravcsik, A. (2000). Correspondence: Brother can you spare a paradigm? (Or, was anybody ever a realist?). International Security, 25. Pp. 188 191. Manila, E. (2007). The Wilsonian moment: Self-determination and the international origins of anticolonial nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Snyder, G.H. (2002). Mearsheimers world: Offensive realism and the struggle for security. International Security, 27. Pp. 161. Steiner, Z. (2005). The lights that failed: European international history, 1919 1933. New York: Oxford University Press. Thomas, M. (2008). Empires of intelligence: Security services and colonial disorder after 1914. Berkeley: University of California Press.