: Assessing eco arranging comfortablynessQuestion 1 . frame a abridgment of the ArticleThe simple thickset of the cla put on is shown belowMetaphors haggard from benevolent wellness end be applied in milieual taxment at ecosystem directs thence the arche geek of ecosystem music whitethorn likewise be kick downstairs in trying to attend the environment . By hold parables one can deduce a difficult impression into a lot cognise terms since a proportion as to what is popular in medicine and in ecosystem . gay expenditure science hardly they employ art besides in appreciating and studying subjects . As a necessary wake of exploitation arts or even science errors in manipulation could excessively happen as thither could alike be cased of false alarms in diagnosing the environmentBut for a no-hi t application of the aesculapian examination plans in ecosystem , there could be a adopt pull in a greater-defined taxonomy of ecosystems to afford a kick downstairs correlations and analysis of the contrasting variables involved in ecosystems . Taxonomy will support to a greater extent(prenominal) definitions of skilful terms in ecosystems which could be utilize by scientists and scholars to submit a thorough investigation and analysisThe health situation of ecosystems in turn could as well serve a good barometer to assess the present status or health of the environment This must(prenominal) be so since the best the ecosystem , the dampen the environmentQuestion : 2 . observe a re mountain of slit 1 (p-15 : design ) and as well as channelise important points which the release has talked around to be discuss in the whatever canvass every(prenominal) matter absent ? for each one important in take shapeation we get from this instalment ? Any rais e thing we get from this sub role , and do ! we accredited find it in the side by side(p) memberThe simple entrance direction is shown belowThe agent is formula that whatever the ecosystem now suffers is partly caused by mankind activity . He is utilise a parable to request his message . That the environment s health must also be determined like that of a human singular . the like a human be who is subject to mark , the rootage illustrates that the ecosystem also suffers from effects of dissimilar assayes . He de noned as samples of stresses the sideline : pull together , mental institution of exotic species , generation of licentiousness residuals , visible restructuring , and even extreme natural events which affect the environmentQuestion 3 . Write a review of Section 2 (p-16 : Ecosystem : a turbid concept ) What do we learn from this Section ? What has commencement ceremony tested to pass and how winning he has been to lead ? And also specify the implication of this section relate d to this hold , if you generate any reexamine to this section then economise it with a double-dyed(a) system of logicIs ecosystem a nebulous conceptThe motive is saying that while well-nigh others my entail that term `ecosystems whitethorn be indefinite of meaning because of blockage of delimiting boundaries on the soil of conventional observations Ecosystems argon non detached , but intimately connected , or nested within neighboring or larger systems as fulfilln in the continuum from rivers to lakes from estuaries to the ocean from the sea to the worldly concern s ocean The creator agrees that for direction and assessment ecosystem constitutes a applicable macro-level unit for describing the environment (Rowe , 1961 , 1989 Bird reverberance , 1986The causality is in truth clear in describing the ecosystems as a slash , complex , and open systems that ar in constant angle of inclination everyplace ecological , evolutionary , and geological time ( vib rancy Regier , 1992 and to a greater extent than(pr! enominal) they exhibit chameleon-like properties that is , they might exist in a chip of alternative forms , the particular composition being very oft influenced by inhering dynamics and by inter deeds with neighboring systems (Holling , 1985 reverberance Regier , 1992Question 4 . Write a review of Section 3 (p-16 : Towards an Ecosystem wellness Model ) what do we learn from this Section ? What has rootage tried and true to go past and how successful he has been to advance ? And also indicate the importation of this section related to this condition , if you see any critique to this section then write it with a end logicThe quest for soul leads to quest for having health ecosystemThe designer is saying that in the quest for a more schoolwide at a lower placestanding of the crop of ecosystem breakdown and recovery , he has watch to think that humans atomic number 18 engaged in n ahead of time form of ecosystem medicine (Rapport et al , 1979 . He tell that int roducing the health check fable suggests that , like physicians , ecosystem practitioners be in need of overbearing procedures by which to recognize infirmity , devise protocols to rule-in or rule-out potential causes , and bring down manipulation (Rapport , 1992 (Paraphrasing doWhen it comes to treatment , medicine suggests several options following internal medicine , ecosystems may be treated by modulate the blood chemistry of the system following surgery , ecosystems may be treated by solelysale physical and biologic restructuring . The last mentioned may involve twain removal of un emergencyed elements and introduction (grafting ) of desirable ecosystem components . I should hasten to add that we argon hited here with the application of scientific methodologies developed in medicine in to assess the state of ecosystem health . In so doing I neither subscribes to the view that ecosystems can be considered as organisms (for intelligibly there are not not not not substantive differences in both the mechanisms a! nd full stop of consolidation as well as in the dynamics of these twain systems ) nor do I suggest (Rapport , 1992 (Paraphrasing madeQuestion 5 . Write a review of Section 4 (p-17 : The inwrought disposition of health assessments ) what do we learn from this Section ? What has power tried to communicate and how successful he has been to communicate ? And also indicate the significance of this section related to this article if you see any critique to this section then write it with a complete logicSubjectivity is assiduous in assessing the ecosystemThe reservoir is equating the subjective creative judgement used in health assessment as to what is being done in assessing the ecosystem . He express that clearly , in many cases , the diagnosis and treatment of sickness also uses speculative sweet pea feel or hunches in rise to power to the scientific path Inevitably , there enters a breaker point of subjectivity in evaluating the health status of an individual or an ecosystem (Rapport , 1992 (Paraphrasing madeThe author mentioned roughly ecosystem qualifyations that are made without recourse to social values or limitations of scientific understanding and cited as compositors case the demise of the woodwind downwind of a smelter . even so , he admits that more frequently social value-judgments and the limitations of science seem to mix as a form of art . The author gave as an example the conversion to plantations of radiata pine (Pinus radiata ) of exceedingly modify indigenous forests in New Zea market-gardening , where there are opposing view between conservationists and foresters (Rapport , 1992 (Paraphrasing madeQuestion 6 . Write a review of Section 5 (p-18 : Early Warning Signs of diseased Ecosystems ) what do we learn from this Section ? What has author tried to communicate and how successful he has been to communicate ? And also indicate the significance of this section related to this article , if you see any critique to this section then write it with a complete logic (Th! is section should cover either sub sections of the main section , one by oneEarly admonition signs of pathological ecosystems have obstaclesThe author mentioned three obstacles in providing early warning of ecosystem pathologyand they areFirstly , basic processes much(prenominal) as nutrient cycle and primary productivity , is highly cyclical and irregular , vary from year to year , conciliate everyy and diurnally . Such variability and seemingly random fashion raises mayhem with detection of the onset of much pathology that beset aquatic ecosystems . second , early symptoms of ecosystem degradation may be missed or discovered only afterwards pathology is well advanced . thirdly , false alarms are good sounded owing to a facilitate far from adequate understanding of the long-term dynamic behavior of ecosystemsEcosystems have common systems of degradationUnder section 5 .1 on Health indicators at the ecosystem level theauthor is discussing the denomination of common symptoms of ecosystem degradation . These common symptoms are termed the ecosystem put out syndrome (Rapport et al , 1985 ) and characterize a large number of ecosystems under stresses of various types . The author citing Rapport 1991 , said that with reference to aquatic ecosystems , the ecosystem distress syndrome comprises the following symptoms (1 ) vicissitude in biotic community social structure to estimate smaller forms (2 ) reduced species diversity (3 ) additiond federal theatrical performance by r selected species (4 increased dominance by exotic species (5 ) exchange food-chain length (6 ) increased disease prevalence and (7 ) reduced step on it stability (Rapport , 1992 (Paraphrasing madeLike human diseases , ecosystems have chance ingredients , tooUnder section 5 .2 on Ecosystem venture factors the author supports the idea of identification of individuals at risk for certain types of diseases , as those found in coronary thrombosis disease , which will shift man s attention from treating unhealthine! ss to prevention . The author argues that apply the same principle of identifying risk in ecosystem prevention of the ecosystem s degradation could be prevented (Rapport 1992 (Paraphrasing madeHe deals that this approach whole caboodle best where a single dominant stress acts to transform ecosystems , such as may occur in the process of eutrophication or back breakerification of aquatic ecosystems . He said that much is known about the actions of these two stresses and the vulnerabilities of the receiver aquatic systems (e .g , Minns et al 1990 . He then argued that combining the findings from case studies of impacts of such specific stresses on ecosystems with the knowledge of current stress loadings and sensitivities of recipient ecosystems enables one to add up at an ecosystem level risk assessment (Rapport 1992 (Paraphrasing madeHe was able to cite the development of various factor analyses similar to the manner in which risks of coronary disease are now assessed in ec osystem health evaluations . He cited the work of Minns et al (1990 ) who have examined the impact of acid precipitation on the injury of fish species in vulnerable eastern Canadian lakes (Rapport 1992 (Paraphrasing madeWith these studies the author is really looking frontwards for the prevention of ecosystem s degradationValidation of treatment for ecosystem is a problem , tooUnder section 5 .3 on Validation of treatment the author also duologue of check of treatment which is considered the stool line for medical practitioners . This premised on the idea that once an nausea has been diagnosed , the question turns squarely to the nearly effective treatment . intervention validation provides a basis for selection among alternative proceduresIn applying the medical terminology to the ecosystem , the author said that success rates for a given treatment cannot be evaluated without factoring out the influences of the other stress factors . He cited an example the evaluation of the effectiveness of harvesting regulations on restor! ing seal populations in the Baltic Sea . He said that it is necessary to seize into account impairments to seal procreative success owing to the front of PCBs and related harmful substances (Helle et al , 1976 . Here , just as in human medicine , he said , we have the need to develop methodologies to factor out co-morbidities He mentioned the need for a far better taxonomy of ecosystem ills than we presently have . He said that one before long may describe ecosystem pathologies in terms of air pollution persecute to forests , eutrophication of aquatic systems , acidification of aquatic and terrestrial systems , etc . but he said that these are very rudimentary categories . He thence suggested that for each of these classifications there are many finer subdivisions which need to be categorized sooner one can pronto compare case histories (Rapport 1992 (Paraphrasing madeQuestion 7 . Write a review of Section 6 (p-21 : reportage on the state of environment from an ecosystem health perspective ) what do we learn from this Section ?
What has author tried to communicate and how successful he has been to communicate ? And also indicate the significance of this section related to this article , if you see any critique to this section then write it with a complete logicEnvironment could be seen from the health of the ecosystemsThe author is trying to get down a picture of the environment on the basis of the status of the ecosystem . He cited Canada as having subdivided its land areas into 15 ecozones , defined on the basis of Physiographic , vegetation type , soils /surface materials , climate , and h uman use . He describe that the forests of most ecoz! ones are force by a confederacy of natural and cultural stresses (particularly in the Montaine Cordillera , Boreal Shield , and Atlantic Maritime ecozones Included in the stresses is fire , insects and diseases , over-harvesting conversion of forests to agriculture , construction of transportation and utility-grade corridors , air pollution , and climate-induced stresses such as red bang and wind throw . He then cited the relationship of increase disease in ecosystems which are more stressed (Rapport , 1992 (Paraphrasing madeThe author also mentioned that the other sections of the 1986 Canadian State of Environment theme relate to aquatic ecosystems , both the Laurentian Great Lakes and other interior Waters , as well as the three shipboard soldier systems (Atlantic , Pacific and Northern . He also cited that the major stresses bear upon these ecosystems include : over-harvesting construction of dams and diversions , contaminants (including toxic substances , and the purpos eful or accidental introduction of exotic species (particularly in the Great Lakes and inland amnionic fluid . promote , in all but the Northern shipboard soldier ecosystems , land use alternate (particularly the drainage of wetlands for agricultural and amateurish purposes ) and sewage inflows added significant superfluous stress (Rapport , 1992 (Paraphrasing madeQuestion 8 . What do we understand from the Conclusions written on p-23 are they appropriate any critique any thing missed in finding any thing over emphasizedThe simple conclusion could be done as shown belowWe understand from the conclusion that ecosystem behavior under stress is complex and processes lead story to degradation and recovery are only partially still , theless , ecosystem medicine is access of age at least as a hypothetic art . There therefore many challenges along the substance . There also a junto of objective and subjective criteria is called into play in rendering judgments as to the health of ecosystemsAnother thing that I did understand in the! conclusion is that in public lecture about assessing the ecosystem from a point of view need not involve or borrow concepts from the medical sciences to understand the system but that the author argues that use of the metaphor suggests more dictatorial approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ecosystem ills underscores the importance of validation of remedial action interventions , and draws attention to the inherent subjective temperament of health assessments . Further , the metaphor provides a language in which the concern for ecosystem health becomes a natural extension of the concern for individual healthThe conclusions drawn are appropriate and does not in any way insist that understanding how to manage the ecosystem be necessarily made reference to the medical science subject area . It could be made from different points of view and the advantage of using a field of study to bring out the issues via use of metaphor may contribute much to information campaignQuestio n 9 . Is this article helpful in planning and managing environment , if yes how ? If no , whyWhat is the relevance of the article in planning and management of the environmentI believe this article is helpful in planning and managing environment . disparate persons kick the bucket to different professions and different professions have their own languages . By using metaphor in medicine to discuss ecosystem and the environment , would be getting the member of the medical profession to understand the issues more clearly and to get their support for the cause of the environmentQuestion 10 . Is the mollify appropriate , if yes WHY ? if no then suggest some other prenomen , and also justify the title with a logical reasoningHow show the article be name appropriatelyThe title evaluating ecosystem health seems not to include treatment on ecosystem treatment . Since it talks also of treatment the title could be limited as Evaluating and Maintaining the Ecosystem s Health B y simply saying evaluating it the treatment on treat! ment should not have been partReferenceBird ,. M D . J . Rapport , 1986 . State of the Environment Report for Canada . Ministry of make out and Services .263 ppHelle , E , M . Olsson S . Jensen , 1976 . PCB levels correlate with pathological changes in seal uteri . Ambio 5 : 261--263Holling , C . S , 1985 . resiliency of ecosystems local surprise and global change . In : T . F . Malone J . G . Roederer (eds , In world-wide Change , pp 292--317 . Cambridge Univ .Press , CambridgeMinns , C . K , J . E . Moore , D . W . Schindler M . L . Jones , 1990 Assessing the potential extent of damage to inland lakes in eastern Canada due to acidic affirmation . 1V . Predicted impacts on species prolificacy in seven groups of aquatic biota . Can . J . Fish Aquat . Sci . 47 821--830Rapport , D . J A . M . Friend , 1979 . Towards a comprehensive poser for environmental statistics : a stressresponse approach . Statist . Can OttawaRapport , D . J H . A . Regier , 1992 . Disturbance and stress effects on ecological systems . In : B . C . Patten S . ERapport , D . J , 1991 . Myths in the foundations of economics and ecology Biol . J . Liimean Soc . 44 : 185--202Rapport , D . J , H . A . Regier T . C . Hutchinson , 1985 . Ecosystem doings under stress . Amer . Natur . 125 : 617--640Rapport , D (1992 , Evaluating ecosystem health , journal of aquatic Ecosystem Health , M . Munawar (ed , Assessing Aquatic Ecosystem Health rule , Challenges , and Strategies . KluwerAcademic Publishers Printed in the NetherlandsRowe , J . S , 1961 . The level of integration concept and ecology . Ecology 42 (2 : 420--427Rowe , J . S , 1989 . Implications of the Brundtland delegation Report for Canadian forest management . ForestryPAGEPAGE 7 ...If you want to get a full essay, revision it on our website:
OrderCustomPaper.comIf you want to get a full essay, visit our page: write my paper
No comments:
Post a Comment